16_WordCloud
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from IPython.display import Image
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #그래프
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib as mpl
#한글 폰트를 사용할 때 마이너스 데이터가 깨져
#보이는 문제를 해결한다.
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'NanumGothicCoding'
plt.rcParams['font.size'] = 15
#!pip install wordcloud
from wordcloud import WordCloud
text = open('./data/wordData.txt').read()
print(text)
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
Article. I.
Section. 1.
All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Section. 2.
The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
Section. 3.
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.
No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
Section. 4.
The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
Section. 5.
Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.
Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
Section. 6.
The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
Section. 7.
All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States: If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
Section. 8.
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;
To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;
To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
To provide and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
Section. 9.
The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
Section. 10.
No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
Article. II.
Section. 1.
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:
Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.
The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.
In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Section. 2.
The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Section. 3.
He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.
Section. 4.
The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
Article III.
Section. 1.
The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
Section. 2.
The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;-- between a State and Citizens of another State,--between Citizens of different States,--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
Section. 3.
Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
Article. IV.
Section. 1.
Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
Section. 2.
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
Section. 3.
New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
Section. 4.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic Violence.
Article. V.
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
Article. VI.
All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
Article. VII.
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.
The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, the Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page.
Attest William Jackson Secretary
done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,
#generate()함수로 단어별 출현 빈도를 비율로 계산한다.
wordcloud = WordCloud().generate(text)
print(wordcloud)
wordcloud.words_
<wordcloud.wordcloud.WordCloud object at 0x0000017132DB57B8>
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plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
#워드클라우드를 만든다.
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
#가로, 새로 축의 그래프 눈금을 숨긴다.
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
Image('./numpyImages/interpolation.png', width =800)
#WordCloud() 함수에 max_font_size 옵션일 저장하면
#최고로 출현 빈도가 많은 단어의 크기를 지정할 수 있다.
wordcloud = WordCloud(max_font_size=100).generate(text)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
#WordCloud()함수에 max_words옵션을 지정하면 워드클라우드에
#표시되는 단어의 개수를 지정할 수 있다.
wordcloud = WordCloud(max_words=100).generate(text)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
워드 클라우드 작성 순서
#워드클라우드로 작성할 말뭉치를 읽어온다.
text = open('./data/alice.txt').read()
print(text)
癤풮roject Gutenberg's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Author: Lewis Carroll
Posting Date: June 25, 2008 [EBook #11]
Release Date: March, 1994
[Last updated: December 20, 2011]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND ***
ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
Lewis Carroll
THE MILLENNIUM FULCRUM EDITION 3.0
CHAPTER I. Down the Rabbit-Hole
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the
bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the
book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in
it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice 'without pictures or
conversation?'
So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the
hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure
of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and
picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran
close by her.
There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so
VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, 'Oh dear!
Oh dear! I shall be late!' (when she thought it over afterwards, it
occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time
it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH
OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT-POCKET, and looked at it, and then hurried on,
Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had
never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch
to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field
after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large
rabbit-hole under the hedge.
In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how
in the world she was to get out again.
The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then
dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think
about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep
well.
Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had
plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was
going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what
she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she
looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with
cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures
hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as
she passed; it was labelled 'ORANGE MARMALADE', but to her great
disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear
of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as
she fell past it.
'Well!' thought Alice to herself, 'after such a fall as this, I shall
think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll all think me at
home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top
of the house!' (Which was very likely true.)
Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! 'I wonder how
many miles I've fallen by this time?' she said aloud. 'I must be getting
somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four
thousand miles down, I think--' (for, you see, Alice had learnt several
things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this
was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there
was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over)
'--yes, that's about the right distance--but then I wonder what Latitude
or Longitude I've got to?' (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or
Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
Presently she began again. 'I wonder if I shall fall right THROUGH the
earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with
their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think--' (she was rather glad
there WAS no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the
right word) '--but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country
is, you know. Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' (and
she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy CURTSEYING as you're falling
through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) 'And what an
ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to
ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.'
Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began
talking again. 'Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!'
(Dinah was the cat.) 'I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at
tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no
mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that's very
like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?' And here Alice
began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy
sort of way, 'Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?' and sometimes, 'Do
bats eat cats?' for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question,
it didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing
off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with
Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, 'Now, Dinah, tell me the truth:
did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon
a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment:
she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another
long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it.
There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and
was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears
and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she
turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found
herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging
from the roof.
There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when
Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every
door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to
get out again.
Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid
glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice's
first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall;
but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small,
but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second
time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and
behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the
little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not
much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage
into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of
that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and
those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head through the
doorway; 'and even if my head would go through,' thought poor Alice, 'it
would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could
shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.'
For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately,
that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really
impossible.
There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went
back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at
any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this
time she found a little bottle on it, ('which certainly was not here
before,' said Alice,) and round the neck of the bottle was a paper
label, with the words 'DRINK ME' beautifully printed on it in large
letters.
It was all very well to say 'Drink me,' but the wise little Alice was
not going to do THAT in a hurry. 'No, I'll look first,' she said, 'and
see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice
little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild
beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they WOULD not remember
the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot
poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if you cut your
finger VERY deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never
forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked 'poison,' it is
almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
However, this bottle was NOT marked 'poison,' so Alice ventured to taste
it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour
of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot
buttered toast,) she very soon finished it off.
* * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * *
'What a curious feeling!' said Alice; 'I must be shutting up like a
telescope.'
And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face
brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going
through the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she
waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further:
she felt a little nervous about this; 'for it might end, you know,' said
Alice to herself, 'in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder
what I should be like then?' And she tried to fancy what the flame of a
candle is like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember
ever having seen such a thing.
After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going
into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the
door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she
went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach
it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her
best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery;
and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing
sat down and cried.
'Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to herself,
rather sharply; 'I advise you to leave off this minute!' She generally
gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it),
and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into
her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having
cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself,
for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people.
'But it's no use now,' thought poor Alice, 'to pretend to be two people!
Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make ONE respectable person!'
Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table:
she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words
'EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. 'Well, I'll eat it,' said
Alice, 'and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it
makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door; so either way I'll
get into the garden, and I don't care which happens!'
She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, 'Which way? Which
way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was
growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same
size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice
had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way
things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on
in the common way.
So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.
* * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * *
CHAPTER II. The Pool of Tears
'Curiouser and curiouser!' cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that
for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); 'now I'm
opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Good-bye, feet!'
(for when she looked down at her feet, they seemed to be almost out of
sight, they were getting so far off). 'Oh, my poor little feet, I wonder
who will put on your shoes and stockings for you now, dears? I'm sure
_I_ shan't be able! I shall be a great deal too far off to trouble
myself about you: you must manage the best way you can;--but I must be
kind to them,' thought Alice, 'or perhaps they won't walk the way I want
to go! Let me see: I'll give them a new pair of boots every Christmas.'
And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it. 'They must
go by the carrier,' she thought; 'and how funny it'll seem, sending
presents to one's own feet! And how odd the directions will look!
ALICE'S RIGHT FOOT, ESQ.
HEARTHRUG,
NEAR THE FENDER,
(WITH ALICE'S LOVE).
Oh dear, what nonsense I'm talking!'
Just then her head struck against the roof of the hall: in fact she was
now more than nine feet high, and she at once took up the little golden
key and hurried off to the garden door.
Poor Alice! It was as much as she could do, lying down on one side, to
look through into the garden with one eye; but to get through was more
hopeless than ever: she sat down and began to cry again.
'You ought to be ashamed of yourself,' said Alice, 'a great girl like
you,' (she might well say this), 'to go on crying in this way! Stop this
moment, I tell you!' But she went on all the same, shedding gallons of
tears, until there was a large pool all round her, about four inches
deep and reaching half down the hall.
After a time she heard a little pattering of feet in the distance, and
she hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. It was the White
Rabbit returning, splendidly dressed, with a pair of white kid gloves in
one hand and a large fan in the other: he came trotting along in a great
hurry, muttering to himself as he came, 'Oh! the Duchess, the Duchess!
Oh! won't she be savage if I've kept her waiting!' Alice felt so
desperate that she was ready to ask help of any one; so, when the Rabbit
came near her, she began, in a low, timid voice, 'If you please, sir--'
The Rabbit started violently, dropped the white kid gloves and the fan,
and skurried away into the darkness as hard as he could go.
Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she
kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking: 'Dear, dear! How
queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual.
I wonder if I've been changed in the night? Let me think: was I the
same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a
little different. But if I'm not the same, the next question is, Who
in the world am I? Ah, THAT'S the great puzzle!' And she began thinking
over all the children she knew that were of the same age as herself, to
see if she could have been changed for any of them.
'I'm sure I'm not Ada,' she said, 'for her hair goes in such long
ringlets, and mine doesn't go in ringlets at all; and I'm sure I can't
be Mabel, for I know all sorts of things, and she, oh! she knows such a
very little! Besides, SHE'S she, and I'm I, and--oh dear, how puzzling
it all is! I'll try if I know all the things I used to know. Let me
see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and
four times seven is--oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate!
However, the Multiplication Table doesn't signify: let's try Geography.
London is the capital of Paris, and Paris is the capital of Rome, and
Rome--no, THAT'S all wrong, I'm certain! I must have been changed for
Mabel! I'll try and say "How doth the little--"' and she crossed her
hands on her lap as if she were saying lessons, and began to repeat it,
but her voice sounded hoarse and strange, and the words did not come the
same as they used to do:--
'How doth the little crocodile
Improve his shining tail,
And pour the waters of the Nile
On every golden scale!
'How cheerfully he seems to grin,
How neatly spread his claws,
And welcome little fishes in
With gently smiling jaws!'
'I'm sure those are not the right words,' said poor Alice, and her eyes
filled with tears again as she went on, 'I must be Mabel after all, and
I shall have to go and live in that poky little house, and have next to
no toys to play with, and oh! ever so many lessons to learn! No, I've
made up my mind about it; if I'm Mabel, I'll stay down here! It'll be no
use their putting their heads down and saying "Come up again, dear!" I
shall only look up and say "Who am I then? Tell me that first, and then,
if I like being that person, I'll come up: if not, I'll stay down here
till I'm somebody else"--but, oh dear!' cried Alice, with a sudden burst
of tears, 'I do wish they WOULD put their heads down! I am so VERY tired
of being all alone here!'
As she said this she looked down at her hands, and was surprised to see
that she had put on one of the Rabbit's little white kid gloves while
she was talking. 'How CAN I have done that?' she thought. 'I must
be growing small again.' She got up and went to the table to measure
herself by it, and found that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now
about two feet high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon found
out that the cause of this was the fan she was holding, and she dropped
it hastily, just in time to avoid shrinking away altogether.
'That WAS a narrow escape!' said Alice, a good deal frightened at the
sudden change, but very glad to find herself still in existence; 'and
now for the garden!' and she ran with all speed back to the little door:
but, alas! the little door was shut again, and the little golden key was
lying on the glass table as before, 'and things are worse than ever,'
thought the poor child, 'for I never was so small as this before, never!
And I declare it's too bad, that it is!'
As she said these words her foot slipped, and in another moment, splash!
she was up to her chin in salt water. Her first idea was that she
had somehow fallen into the sea, 'and in that case I can go back by
railway,' she said to herself. (Alice had been to the seaside once in
her life, and had come to the general conclusion, that wherever you go
to on the English coast you find a number of bathing machines in the
sea, some children digging in the sand with wooden spades, then a row
of lodging houses, and behind them a railway station.) However, she soon
made out that she was in the pool of tears which she had wept when she
was nine feet high.
'I wish I hadn't cried so much!' said Alice, as she swam about, trying
to find her way out. 'I shall be punished for it now, I suppose, by
being drowned in my own tears! That WILL be a queer thing, to be sure!
However, everything is queer to-day.'
Just then she heard something splashing about in the pool a little way
off, and she swam nearer to make out what it was: at first she thought
it must be a walrus or hippopotamus, but then she remembered how small
she was now, and she soon made out that it was only a mouse that had
slipped in like herself.
'Would it be of any use, now,' thought Alice, 'to speak to this mouse?
Everything is so out-of-the-way down here, that I should think very
likely it can talk: at any rate, there's no harm in trying.' So she
began: 'O Mouse, do you know the way out of this pool? I am very tired
of swimming about here, O Mouse!' (Alice thought this must be the right
way of speaking to a mouse: she had never done such a thing before, but
she remembered having seen in her brother's Latin Grammar, 'A mouse--of
a mouse--to a mouse--a mouse--O mouse!') The Mouse looked at her rather
inquisitively, and seemed to her to wink with one of its little eyes,
but it said nothing.
'Perhaps it doesn't understand English,' thought Alice; 'I daresay it's
a French mouse, come over with William the Conqueror.' (For, with all
her knowledge of history, Alice had no very clear notion how long ago
anything had happened.) So she began again: 'Ou est ma chatte?' which
was the first sentence in her French lesson-book. The Mouse gave a
sudden leap out of the water, and seemed to quiver all over with fright.
'Oh, I beg your pardon!' cried Alice hastily, afraid that she had hurt
the poor animal's feelings. 'I quite forgot you didn't like cats.'
'Not like cats!' cried the Mouse, in a shrill, passionate voice. 'Would
YOU like cats if you were me?'
'Well, perhaps not,' said Alice in a soothing tone: 'don't be angry
about it. And yet I wish I could show you our cat Dinah: I think you'd
take a fancy to cats if you could only see her. She is such a dear quiet
thing,' Alice went on, half to herself, as she swam lazily about in the
pool, 'and she sits purring so nicely by the fire, licking her paws and
washing her face--and she is such a nice soft thing to nurse--and she's
such a capital one for catching mice--oh, I beg your pardon!' cried
Alice again, for this time the Mouse was bristling all over, and she
felt certain it must be really offended. 'We won't talk about her any
more if you'd rather not.'
'We indeed!' cried the Mouse, who was trembling down to the end of his
tail. 'As if I would talk on such a subject! Our family always HATED
cats: nasty, low, vulgar things! Don't let me hear the name again!'
'I won't indeed!' said Alice, in a great hurry to change the subject of
conversation. 'Are you--are you fond--of--of dogs?' The Mouse did not
answer, so Alice went on eagerly: 'There is such a nice little dog near
our house I should like to show you! A little bright-eyed terrier, you
know, with oh, such long curly brown hair! And it'll fetch things when
you throw them, and it'll sit up and beg for its dinner, and all sorts
of things--I can't remember half of them--and it belongs to a farmer,
you know, and he says it's so useful, it's worth a hundred pounds! He
says it kills all the rats and--oh dear!' cried Alice in a sorrowful
tone, 'I'm afraid I've offended it again!' For the Mouse was swimming
away from her as hard as it could go, and making quite a commotion in
the pool as it went.
So she called softly after it, 'Mouse dear! Do come back again, and we
won't talk about cats or dogs either, if you don't like them!' When the
Mouse heard this, it turned round and swam slowly back to her: its
face was quite pale (with passion, Alice thought), and it said in a low
trembling voice, 'Let us get to the shore, and then I'll tell you my
history, and you'll understand why it is I hate cats and dogs.'
It was high time to go, for the pool was getting quite crowded with the
birds and animals that had fallen into it: there were a Duck and a Dodo,
a Lory and an Eaglet, and several other curious creatures. Alice led the
way, and the whole party swam to the shore.
CHAPTER III. A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale
They were indeed a queer-looking party that assembled on the bank–the
birds with draggled feathers, the animals with their fur clinging close
to them, and all dripping wet, cross, and uncomfortable.
The first question of course was, how to get dry again: they had a
consultation about this, and after a few minutes it seemed quite natural
to Alice to find herself talking familiarly with them, as if she had
known them all her life. Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the
Lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, 'I am older than
you, and must know better'; and this Alice would not allow without
knowing how old it was, and, as the Lory positively refused to tell its
age, there was no more to be said.
At last the Mouse, who seemed to be a person of authority among them,
called out, 'Sit down, all of you, and listen to me! I'LL soon make you
dry enough!' They all sat down at once, in a large ring, with the Mouse
in the middle. Alice kept her eyes anxiously fixed on it, for she felt
sure she would catch a bad cold if she did not get dry very soon.
'Ahem!' said the Mouse with an important air, 'are you all ready? This
is the driest thing I know. Silence all round, if you please! "William
the Conqueror, whose cause was favoured by the pope, was soon submitted
to by the English, who wanted leaders, and had been of late much
accustomed to usurpation and conquest. Edwin and Morcar, the earls of
Mercia and Northumbria--"'
'Ugh!' said the Lory, with a shiver.
'I beg your pardon!' said the Mouse, frowning, but very politely: 'Did
you speak?'
'Not I!' said the Lory hastily.
'I thought you did,' said the Mouse. '--I proceed. "Edwin and Morcar,
the earls of Mercia and Northumbria, declared for him: and even Stigand,
the patriotic archbishop of Canterbury, found it advisable--"'
'Found WHAT?' said the Duck.
'Found IT,' the Mouse replied rather crossly: 'of course you know what
"it" means.'
'I know what "it" means well enough, when I find a thing,' said the
Duck: 'it's generally a frog or a worm. The question is, what did the
archbishop find?'
The Mouse did not notice this question, but hurriedly went on, '"--found
it advisable to go with Edgar Atheling to meet William and offer him the
crown. William's conduct at first was moderate. But the insolence of his
Normans--" How are you getting on now, my dear?' it continued, turning
to Alice as it spoke.
'As wet as ever,' said Alice in a melancholy tone: 'it doesn't seem to
dry me at all.'
'In that case,' said the Dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, 'I move
that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic
remedies--'
'Speak English!' said the Eaglet. 'I don't know the meaning of half
those long words, and, what's more, I don't believe you do either!' And
the Eaglet bent down its head to hide a smile: some of the other birds
tittered audibly.
'What I was going to say,' said the Dodo in an offended tone, 'was, that
the best thing to get us dry would be a Caucus-race.'
'What IS a Caucus-race?' said Alice; not that she wanted much to know,
but the Dodo had paused as if it thought that SOMEBODY ought to speak,
and no one else seemed inclined to say anything.
'Why,' said the Dodo, 'the best way to explain it is to do it.' (And, as
you might like to try the thing yourself, some winter day, I will tell
you how the Dodo managed it.)
First it marked out a race-course, in a sort of circle, ('the exact
shape doesn't matter,' it said,) and then all the party were placed
along the course, here and there. There was no 'One, two, three, and
away,' but they began running when they liked, and left off when they
liked, so that it was not easy to know when the race was over. However,
when they had been running half an hour or so, and were quite dry again,
the Dodo suddenly called out 'The race is over!' and they all crowded
round it, panting, and asking, 'But who has won?'
This question the Dodo could not answer without a great deal of thought,
and it sat for a long time with one finger pressed upon its forehead
(the position in which you usually see Shakespeare, in the pictures
of him), while the rest waited in silence. At last the Dodo said,
'EVERYBODY has won, and all must have prizes.'
'But who is to give the prizes?' quite a chorus of voices asked.
'Why, SHE, of course,' said the Dodo, pointing to Alice with one finger;
and the whole party at once crowded round her, calling out in a confused
way, 'Prizes! Prizes!'
Alice had no idea what to do, and in despair she put her hand in her
pocket, and pulled out a box of comfits, (luckily the salt water had
not got into it), and handed them round as prizes. There was exactly one
a-piece all round.
'But she must have a prize herself, you know,' said the Mouse.
'Of course,' the Dodo replied very gravely. 'What else have you got in
your pocket?' he went on, turning to Alice.
'Only a thimble,' said Alice sadly.
'Hand it over here,' said the Dodo.
Then they all crowded round her once more, while the Dodo solemnly
presented the thimble, saying 'We beg your acceptance of this elegant
thimble'; and, when it had finished this short speech, they all cheered.
Alice thought the whole thing very absurd, but they all looked so grave
that she did not dare to laugh; and, as she could not think of anything
to say, she simply bowed, and took the thimble, looking as solemn as she
could.
The next thing was to eat the comfits: this caused some noise and
confusion, as the large birds complained that they could not taste
theirs, and the small ones choked and had to be patted on the back.
However, it was over at last, and they sat down again in a ring, and
begged the Mouse to tell them something more.
'You promised to tell me your history, you know,' said Alice, 'and why
it is you hate--C and D,' she added in a whisper, half afraid that it
would be offended again.
'Mine is a long and a sad tale!' said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and
sighing.
'It IS a long tail, certainly,' said Alice, looking down with wonder at
the Mouse's tail; 'but why do you call it sad?' And she kept on puzzling
about it while the Mouse was speaking, so that her idea of the tale was
something like this:--
'Fury said to a
mouse, That he
met in the
house,
"Let us
both go to
law: I will
prosecute
YOU.--Come,
I'll take no
denial; We
must have a
trial: For
really this
morning I've
nothing
to do."
Said the
mouse to the
cur, "Such
a trial,
dear Sir,
With
no jury
or judge,
would be
wasting
our
breath."
"I'll be
judge, I'll
be jury,"
Said
cunning
old Fury:
"I'll
try the
whole
cause,
and
condemn
you
to
death."'
'You are not attending!' said the Mouse to Alice severely. 'What are you
thinking of?'
'I beg your pardon,' said Alice very humbly: 'you had got to the fifth
bend, I think?'
'I had NOT!' cried the Mouse, sharply and very angrily.
'A knot!' said Alice, always ready to make herself useful, and looking
anxiously about her. 'Oh, do let me help to undo it!'
'I shall do nothing of the sort,' said the Mouse, getting up and walking
away. 'You insult me by talking such nonsense!'
'I didn't mean it!' pleaded poor Alice. 'But you're so easily offended,
you know!'
The Mouse only growled in reply.
'Please come back and finish your story!' Alice called after it; and the
others all joined in chorus, 'Yes, please do!' but the Mouse only shook
its head impatiently, and walked a little quicker.
'What a pity it wouldn't stay!' sighed the Lory, as soon as it was quite
out of sight; and an old Crab took the opportunity of saying to her
daughter 'Ah, my dear! Let this be a lesson to you never to lose
YOUR temper!' 'Hold your tongue, Ma!' said the young Crab, a little
snappishly. 'You're enough to try the patience of an oyster!'
'I wish I had our Dinah here, I know I do!' said Alice aloud, addressing
nobody in particular. 'She'd soon fetch it back!'
'And who is Dinah, if I might venture to ask the question?' said the
Lory.
Alice replied eagerly, for she was always ready to talk about her pet:
'Dinah's our cat. And she's such a capital one for catching mice you
can't think! And oh, I wish you could see her after the birds! Why,
she'll eat a little bird as soon as look at it!'
This speech caused a remarkable sensation among the party. Some of the
birds hurried off at once: one old Magpie began wrapping itself up very
carefully, remarking, 'I really must be getting home; the night-air
doesn't suit my throat!' and a Canary called out in a trembling voice to
its children, 'Come away, my dears! It's high time you were all in bed!'
On various pretexts they all moved off, and Alice was soon left alone.
'I wish I hadn't mentioned Dinah!' she said to herself in a melancholy
tone. 'Nobody seems to like her, down here, and I'm sure she's the best
cat in the world! Oh, my dear Dinah! I wonder if I shall ever see you
any more!' And here poor Alice began to cry again, for she felt very
lonely and low-spirited. In a little while, however, she again heard
a little pattering of footsteps in the distance, and she looked up
eagerly, half hoping that the Mouse had changed his mind, and was coming
back to finish his story.
CHAPTER IV. The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill
It was the White Rabbit, trotting slowly back again, and looking
anxiously about as it went, as if it had lost something; and she heard
it muttering to itself 'The Duchess! The Duchess! Oh my dear paws! Oh
my fur and whiskers! She'll get me executed, as sure as ferrets are
ferrets! Where CAN I have dropped them, I wonder?' Alice guessed in a
moment that it was looking for the fan and the pair of white kid gloves,
and she very good-naturedly began hunting about for them, but they were
nowhere to be seen--everything seemed to have changed since her swim in
the pool, and the great hall, with the glass table and the little door,
had vanished completely.
Very soon the Rabbit noticed Alice, as she went hunting about, and
called out to her in an angry tone, 'Why, Mary Ann, what ARE you doing
out here? Run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan!
Quick, now!' And Alice was so much frightened that she ran off at once
in the direction it pointed to, without trying to explain the mistake it
had made.
'He took me for his housemaid,' she said to herself as she ran. 'How
surprised he'll be when he finds out who I am! But I'd better take him
his fan and gloves--that is, if I can find them.' As she said this, she
came upon a neat little house, on the door of which was a bright brass
plate with the name 'W. RABBIT' engraved upon it. She went in without
knocking, and hurried upstairs, in great fear lest she should meet the
real Mary Ann, and be turned out of the house before she had found the
fan and gloves.
'How queer it seems,' Alice said to herself, 'to be going messages for
a rabbit! I suppose Dinah'll be sending me on messages next!' And she
began fancying the sort of thing that would happen: '"Miss Alice! Come
here directly, and get ready for your walk!" "Coming in a minute,
nurse! But I've got to see that the mouse doesn't get out." Only I don't
think,' Alice went on, 'that they'd let Dinah stop in the house if it
began ordering people about like that!'
By this time she had found her way into a tidy little room with a table
in the window, and on it (as she had hoped) a fan and two or three pairs
of tiny white kid gloves: she took up the fan and a pair of the gloves,
and was just going to leave the room, when her eye fell upon a little
bottle that stood near the looking-glass. There was no label this time
with the words 'DRINK ME,' but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it
to her lips. 'I know SOMETHING interesting is sure to happen,' she said
to herself, 'whenever I eat or drink anything; so I'll just see what
this bottle does. I do hope it'll make me grow large again, for really
I'm quite tired of being such a tiny little thing!'
It did so indeed, and much sooner than she had expected: before she had
drunk half the bottle, she found her head pressing against the ceiling,
and had to stoop to save her neck from being broken. She hastily put
down the bottle, saying to herself 'That's quite enough--I hope I shan't
grow any more--As it is, I can't get out at the door--I do wish I hadn't
drunk quite so much!'
Alas! it was too late to wish that! She went on growing, and growing,
and very soon had to kneel down on the floor: in another minute there
was not even room for this, and she tried the effect of lying down with
one elbow against the door, and the other arm curled round her head.
Still she went on growing, and, as a last resource, she put one arm out
of the window, and one foot up the chimney, and said to herself 'Now I
can do no more, whatever happens. What WILL become of me?'
Luckily for Alice, the little magic bottle had now had its full effect,
and she grew no larger: still it was very uncomfortable, and, as there
seemed to be no sort of chance of her ever getting out of the room
again, no wonder she felt unhappy.
'It was much pleasanter at home,' thought poor Alice, 'when one wasn't
always growing larger and smaller, and being ordered about by mice and
rabbits. I almost wish I hadn't gone down that rabbit-hole--and yet--and
yet--it's rather curious, you know, this sort of life! I do wonder what
CAN have happened to me! When I used to read fairy-tales, I fancied that
kind of thing never happened, and now here I am in the middle of one!
There ought to be a book written about me, that there ought! And when I
grow up, I'll write one--but I'm grown up now,' she added in a sorrowful
tone; 'at least there's no room to grow up any more HERE.'
'But then,' thought Alice, 'shall I NEVER get any older than I am
now? That'll be a comfort, one way--never to be an old woman--but
then--always to have lessons to learn! Oh, I shouldn't like THAT!'
'Oh, you foolish Alice!' she answered herself. 'How can you learn
lessons in here? Why, there's hardly room for YOU, and no room at all
for any lesson-books!'
And so she went on, taking first one side and then the other, and making
quite a conversation of it altogether; but after a few minutes she heard
a voice outside, and stopped to listen.
'Mary Ann! Mary Ann!' said the voice. 'Fetch me my gloves this moment!'
Then came a little pattering of feet on the stairs. Alice knew it was
the Rabbit coming to look for her, and she trembled till she shook the
house, quite forgetting that she was now about a thousand times as large
as the Rabbit, and had no reason to be afraid of it.
Presently the Rabbit came up to the door, and tried to open it; but, as
the door opened inwards, and Alice's elbow was pressed hard against it,
that attempt proved a failure. Alice heard it say to itself 'Then I'll
go round and get in at the window.'
'THAT you won't' thought Alice, and, after waiting till she fancied
she heard the Rabbit just under the window, she suddenly spread out her
hand, and made a snatch in the air. She did not get hold of anything,
but she heard a little shriek and a fall, and a crash of broken glass,
from which she concluded that it was just possible it had fallen into a
cucumber-frame, or something of the sort.
Next came an angry voice--the Rabbit's--'Pat! Pat! Where are you?' And
then a voice she had never heard before, 'Sure then I'm here! Digging
for apples, yer honour!'
'Digging for apples, indeed!' said the Rabbit angrily. 'Here! Come and
help me out of THIS!' (Sounds of more broken glass.)
'Now tell me, Pat, what's that in the window?'
'Sure, it's an arm, yer honour!' (He pronounced it 'arrum.')
'An arm, you goose! Who ever saw one that size? Why, it fills the whole
window!'
'Sure, it does, yer honour: but it's an arm for all that.'
'Well, it's got no business there, at any rate: go and take it away!'
There was a long silence after this, and Alice could only hear whispers
now and then; such as, 'Sure, I don't like it, yer honour, at all, at
all!' 'Do as I tell you, you coward!' and at last she spread out her
hand again, and made another snatch in the air. This time there were
TWO little shrieks, and more sounds of broken glass. 'What a number of
cucumber-frames there must be!' thought Alice. 'I wonder what they'll do
next! As for pulling me out of the window, I only wish they COULD! I'm
sure I don't want to stay in here any longer!'
She waited for some time without hearing anything more: at last came a
rumbling of little cartwheels, and the sound of a good many voices
all talking together: she made out the words: 'Where's the other
ladder?--Why, I hadn't to bring but one; Bill's got the other--Bill!
fetch it here, lad!--Here, put 'em up at this corner--No, tie 'em
together first--they don't reach half high enough yet--Oh! they'll
do well enough; don't be particular--Here, Bill! catch hold of this
rope--Will the roof bear?--Mind that loose slate--Oh, it's coming
down! Heads below!' (a loud crash)--'Now, who did that?--It was Bill, I
fancy--Who's to go down the chimney?--Nay, I shan't! YOU do it!--That I
won't, then!--Bill's to go down--Here, Bill! the master says you're to
go down the chimney!'
'Oh! So Bill's got to come down the chimney, has he?' said Alice to
herself. 'Shy, they seem to put everything upon Bill! I wouldn't be in
Bill's place for a good deal: this fireplace is narrow, to be sure; but
I THINK I can kick a little!'
She drew her foot as far down the chimney as she could, and waited
till she heard a little animal (she couldn't guess of what sort it was)
scratching and scrambling about in the chimney close above her: then,
saying to herself 'This is Bill,' she gave one sharp kick, and waited to
see what would happen next.
The first thing she heard was a general chorus of 'There goes Bill!'
then the Rabbit's voice along--'Catch him, you by the hedge!' then
silence, and then another confusion of voices--'Hold up his head--Brandy
now--Don't choke him--How was it, old fellow? What happened to you? Tell
us all about it!'
Last came a little feeble, squeaking voice, ('That's Bill,' thought
Alice,) 'Well, I hardly know--No more, thank ye; I'm better now--but I'm
a deal too flustered to tell you--all I know is, something comes at me
like a Jack-in-the-box, and up I goes like a sky-rocket!'
'So you did, old fellow!' said the others.
'We must burn the house down!' said the Rabbit's voice; and Alice called
out as loud as she could, 'If you do. I'll set Dinah at you!'
There was a dead silence instantly, and Alice thought to herself, 'I
wonder what they WILL do next! If they had any sense, they'd take the
roof off.' After a minute or two, they began moving about again, and
Alice heard the Rabbit say, 'A barrowful will do, to begin with.'
'A barrowful of WHAT?' thought Alice; but she had not long to doubt,
for the next moment a shower of little pebbles came rattling in at the
window, and some of them hit her in the face. 'I'll put a stop to this,'
she said to herself, and shouted out, 'You'd better not do that again!'
which produced another dead silence.
Alice noticed with some surprise that the pebbles were all turning into
little cakes as they lay on the floor, and a bright idea came into her
head. 'If I eat one of these cakes,' she thought, 'it's sure to make
SOME change in my size; and as it can't possibly make me larger, it must
make me smaller, I suppose.'
So she swallowed one of the cakes, and was delighted to find that she
began shrinking directly. As soon as she was small enough to get through
the door, she ran out of the house, and found quite a crowd of little
animals and birds waiting outside. The poor little Lizard, Bill, was
in the middle, being held up by two guinea-pigs, who were giving it
something out of a bottle. They all made a rush at Alice the moment she
appeared; but she ran off as hard as she could, and soon found herself
safe in a thick wood.
'The first thing I've got to do,' said Alice to herself, as she wandered
about in the wood, 'is to grow to my right size again; and the second
thing is to find my way into that lovely garden. I think that will be
the best plan.'
It sounded an excellent plan, no doubt, and very neatly and simply
arranged; the only difficulty was, that she had not the smallest idea
how to set about it; and while she was peering about anxiously among
the trees, a little sharp bark just over her head made her look up in a
great hurry.
An enormous puppy was looking down at her with large round eyes, and
feebly stretching out one paw, trying to touch her. 'Poor little thing!'
said Alice, in a coaxing tone, and she tried hard to whistle to it; but
she was terribly frightened all the time at the thought that it might be
hungry, in which case it would be very likely to eat her up in spite of
all her coaxing.
Hardly knowing what she did, she picked up a little bit of stick, and
held it out to the puppy; whereupon the puppy jumped into the air off
all its feet at once, with a yelp of delight, and rushed at the stick,
and made believe to worry it; then Alice dodged behind a great thistle,
to keep herself from being run over; and the moment she appeared on the
other side, the puppy made another rush at the stick, and tumbled head
over heels in its hurry to get hold of it; then Alice, thinking it was
very like having a game of play with a cart-horse, and expecting every
moment to be trampled under its feet, ran round the thistle again; then
the puppy began a series of short charges at the stick, running a very
little way forwards each time and a long way back, and barking hoarsely
all the while, till at last it sat down a good way off, panting, with
its tongue hanging out of its mouth, and its great eyes half shut.
This seemed to Alice a good opportunity for making her escape; so she
set off at once, and ran till she was quite tired and out of breath, and
till the puppy's bark sounded quite faint in the distance.
'And yet what a dear little puppy it was!' said Alice, as she leant
against a buttercup to rest herself, and fanned herself with one of the
leaves: 'I should have liked teaching it tricks very much, if--if I'd
only been the right size to do it! Oh dear! I'd nearly forgotten that
I've got to grow up again! Let me see--how IS it to be managed? I
suppose I ought to eat or drink something or other; but the great
question is, what?'
The great question certainly was, what? Alice looked all round her at
the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see anything that
looked like the right thing to eat or drink under the circumstances.
There was a large mushroom growing near her, about the same height as
herself; and when she had looked under it, and on both sides of it, and
behind it, it occurred to her that she might as well look and see what
was on the top of it.
She stretched herself up on tiptoe, and peeped over the edge of the
mushroom, and her eyes immediately met those of a large caterpillar,
that was sitting on the top with its arms folded, quietly smoking a long
hookah, and taking not the smallest notice of her or of anything else.
CHAPTER V. Advice from a Caterpillar
The Caterpillar and Alice looked at each other for some time in silence:
at last the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth, and addressed
her in a languid, sleepy voice.
'Who are YOU?' said the Caterpillar.
This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied,
rather shyly, 'I--I hardly know, sir, just at present--at least I know
who I WAS when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been
changed several times since then.'
'What do you mean by that?' said the Caterpillar sternly. 'Explain
yourself!'
'I can't explain MYSELF, I'm afraid, sir' said Alice, 'because I'm not
myself, you see.'
'I don't see,' said the Caterpillar.
'I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,' Alice replied very politely,
'for I can't understand it myself to begin with; and being so many
different sizes in a day is very confusing.'
'It isn't,' said the Caterpillar.
'Well, perhaps you haven't found it so yet,' said Alice; 'but when you
have to turn into a chrysalis--you will some day, you know--and then
after that into a butterfly, I should think you'll feel it a little
queer, won't you?'
'Not a bit,' said the Caterpillar.
'Well, perhaps your feelings may be different,' said Alice; 'all I know
is, it would feel very queer to ME.'
'You!' said the Caterpillar contemptuously. 'Who are YOU?'
Which brought them back again to the beginning of the conversation.
Alice felt a little irritated at the Caterpillar's making such VERY
short remarks, and she drew herself up and said, very gravely, 'I think,
you ought to tell me who YOU are, first.'
'Why?' said the Caterpillar.
Here was another puzzling question; and as Alice could not think of any
good reason, and as the Caterpillar seemed to be in a VERY unpleasant
state of mind, she turned away.
'Come back!' the Caterpillar called after her. 'I've something important
to say!'
This sounded promising, certainly: Alice turned and came back again.
'Keep your temper,' said the Caterpillar.
'Is that all?' said Alice, swallowing down her anger as well as she
could.
'No,' said the Caterpillar.
Alice thought she might as well wait, as she had nothing else to do, and
perhaps after all it might tell her something worth hearing. For some
minutes it puffed away without speaking, but at last it unfolded its
arms, took the hookah out of its mouth again, and said, 'So you think
you're changed, do you?'
'I'm afraid I am, sir,' said Alice; 'I can't remember things as I
used--and I don't keep the same size for ten minutes together!'
'Can't remember WHAT things?' said the Caterpillar.
'Well, I've tried to say "HOW DOTH THE LITTLE BUSY BEE," but it all came
different!' Alice replied in a very melancholy voice.
'Repeat, "YOU ARE OLD, FATHER WILLIAM,"' said the Caterpillar.
Alice folded her hands, and began:--
'You are old, Father William,' the young man said,
'And your hair has become very white;
And yet you incessantly stand on your head--
Do you think, at your age, it is right?'
'In my youth,' Father William replied to his son,
'I feared it might injure the brain;
But, now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,
Why, I do it again and again.'
'You are old,' said the youth, 'as I mentioned before,
And have grown most uncommonly fat;
Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door--
Pray, what is the reason of that?'
'In my youth,' said the sage, as he shook his grey locks,
'I kept all my limbs very supple
By the use of this ointment--one shilling the box--
Allow me to sell you a couple?'
'You are old,' said the youth, 'and your jaws are too weak
For anything tougher than suet;
Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak--
Pray how did you manage to do it?'
'In my youth,' said his father, 'I took to the law,
And argued each case with my wife;
And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw,
Has lasted the rest of my life.'
'You are old,' said the youth, 'one would hardly suppose
That your eye was as steady as ever;
Yet you balanced an eel on the end of your nose--
What made you so awfully clever?'
'I have answered three questions, and that is enough,'
Said his father; 'don't give yourself airs!
Do you think I can listen all day to such stuff?
Be off, or I'll kick you down stairs!'
'That is not said right,' said the Caterpillar.
'Not QUITE right, I'm afraid,' said Alice, timidly; 'some of the words
have got altered.'
'It is wrong from beginning to end,' said the Caterpillar decidedly, and
there was silence for some minutes.
The Caterpillar was the first to speak.
'What size do you want to be?' it asked.
'Oh, I'm not particular as to size,' Alice hastily replied; 'only one
doesn't like changing so often, you know.'
'I DON'T know,' said the Caterpillar.
Alice said nothing: she had never been so much contradicted in her life
before, and she felt that she was losing her temper.
'Are you content now?' said the Caterpillar.
'Well, I should like to be a LITTLE larger, sir, if you wouldn't mind,'
said Alice: 'three inches is such a wretched height to be.'
'It is a very good height indeed!' said the Caterpillar angrily, rearing
itself upright as it spoke (it was exactly three inches high).
'But I'm not used to it!' pleaded poor Alice in a piteous tone. And
she thought of herself, 'I wish the creatures wouldn't be so easily
offended!'
'You'll get used to it in time,' said the Caterpillar; and it put the
hookah into its mouth and began smoking again.
This time Alice waited patiently until it chose to speak again. In
a minute or two the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth
and yawned once or twice, and shook itself. Then it got down off the
mushroom, and crawled away in the grass, merely remarking as it went,
'One side will make you grow taller, and the other side will make you
grow shorter.'
'One side of WHAT? The other side of WHAT?' thought Alice to herself.
'Of the mushroom,' said the Caterpillar, just as if she had asked it
aloud; and in another moment it was out of sight.
Alice remained looking thoughtfully at the mushroom for a minute, trying
to make out which were the two sides of it; and as it was perfectly
round, she found this a very difficult question. However, at last she
stretched her arms round it as far as they would go, and broke off a bit
of the edge with each hand.
'And now which is which?' she said to herself, and nibbled a little of
the right-hand bit to try the effect: the next moment she felt a violent
blow underneath her chin: it had struck her foot!
She was a good deal frightened by this very sudden change, but she felt
that there was no time to be lost, as she was shrinking rapidly; so she
set to work at once to eat some of the other bit. Her chin was pressed
so closely against her foot, that there was hardly room to open her
mouth; but she did it at last, and managed to swallow a morsel of the
lefthand bit.
* * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * *
'Come, my head's free at last!' said Alice in a tone of delight, which
changed into alarm in another moment, when she found that her shoulders
were nowhere to be found: all she could see, when she looked down, was
an immense length of neck, which seemed to rise like a stalk out of a
sea of green leaves that lay far below her.
'What CAN all that green stuff be?' said Alice. 'And where HAVE my
shoulders got to? And oh, my poor hands, how is it I can't see you?'
She was moving them about as she spoke, but no result seemed to follow,
except a little shaking among the distant green leaves.
As there seemed to be no chance of getting her hands up to her head, she
tried to get her head down to them, and was delighted to find that her
neck would bend about easily in any direction, like a serpent. She had
just succeeded in curving it down into a graceful zigzag, and was going
to dive in among the leaves, which she found to be nothing but the tops
of the trees under which she had been wandering, when a sharp hiss made
her draw back in a hurry: a large pigeon had flown into her face, and
was beating her violently with its wings.
'Serpent!' screamed the Pigeon.
'I'm NOT a serpent!' said Alice indignantly. 'Let me alone!'
'Serpent, I say again!' repeated the Pigeon, but in a more subdued tone,
and added with a kind of sob, 'I've tried every way, and nothing seems
to suit them!'
'I haven't the least idea what you're talking about,' said Alice.
'I've tried the roots of trees, and I've tried banks, and I've tried
hedges,' the Pigeon went on, without attending to her; 'but those
serpents! There's no pleasing them!'
Alice was more and more puzzled, but she thought there was no use in
saying anything more till the Pigeon had finished.
'As if it wasn't trouble enough hatching the eggs,' said the Pigeon;
'but I must be on the look-out for serpents night and day! Why, I
haven't had a wink of sleep these three weeks!'
'I'm very sorry you've been annoyed,' said Alice, who was beginning to
see its meaning.
'And just as I'd taken the highest tree in the wood,' continued the
Pigeon, raising its voice to a shriek, 'and just as I was thinking I
should be free of them at last, they must needs come wriggling down from
the sky! Ugh, Serpent!'
'But I'm NOT a serpent, I tell you!' said Alice. 'I'm a--I'm a--'
'Well! WHAT are you?' said the Pigeon. 'I can see you're trying to
invent something!'
'I--I'm a little girl,' said Alice, rather doubtfully, as she remembered
the number of changes she had gone through that day.
'A likely story indeed!' said the Pigeon in a tone of the deepest
contempt. 'I've seen a good many little girls in my time, but never ONE
with such a neck as that! No, no! You're a serpent; and there's no use
denying it. I suppose you'll be telling me next that you never tasted an
egg!'
'I HAVE tasted eggs, certainly,' said Alice, who was a very truthful
child; 'but little girls eat eggs quite as much as serpents do, you
know.'
'I don't believe it,' said the Pigeon; 'but if they do, why then they're
a kind of serpent, that's all I can say.'
This was such a new idea to Alice, that she was quite silent for a
minute or two, which gave the Pigeon the opportunity of adding, 'You're
looking for eggs, I know THAT well enough; and what does it matter to me
whether you're a little girl or a serpent?'
'It matters a good deal to ME,' said Alice hastily; 'but I'm not looking
for eggs, as it happens; and if I was, I shouldn't want YOURS: I don't
like them raw.'
'Well, be off, then!' said the Pigeon in a sulky tone, as it settled
down again into its nest. Alice crouched down among the trees as well as
she could, for her neck kept getting entangled among the branches, and
every now and then she had to stop and untwist it. After a while she
remembered that she still held the pieces of mushroom in her hands, and
she set to work very carefully, nibbling first at one and then at the
other, and growing sometimes taller and sometimes shorter, until she had
succeeded in bringing herself down to her usual height.
It was so long since she had been anything near the right size, that it
felt quite strange at first; but she got used to it in a few minutes,
and began talking to herself, as usual. 'Come, there's half my plan done
now! How puzzling all these changes are! I'm never sure what I'm going
to be, from one minute to another! However, I've got back to my right
size: the next thing is, to get into that beautiful garden--how IS that
to be done, I wonder?' As she said this, she came suddenly upon an open
place, with a little house in it about four feet high. 'Whoever lives
there,' thought Alice, 'it'll never do to come upon them THIS size: why,
I should frighten them out of their wits!' So she began nibbling at the
righthand bit again, and did not venture to go near the house till she
had brought herself down to nine inches high.
CHAPTER VI. Pig and Pepper
For a minute or two she stood looking at the house, and wondering what
to do next, when suddenly a footman in livery came running out of the
wood--(she considered him to be a footman because he was in livery:
otherwise, judging by his face only, she would have called him a
fish)--and rapped loudly at the door with his knuckles. It was opened
by another footman in livery, with a round face, and large eyes like a
frog; and both footmen, Alice noticed, had powdered hair that curled all
over their heads. She felt very curious to know what it was all about,
and crept a little way out of the wood to listen.
The Fish-Footman began by producing from under his arm a great letter,
nearly as large as himself, and this he handed over to the other,
saying, in a solemn tone, 'For the Duchess. An invitation from the Queen
to play croquet.' The Frog-Footman repeated, in the same solemn tone,
only changing the order of the words a little, 'From the Queen. An
invitation for the Duchess to play croquet.'
Then they both bowed low, and their curls got entangled together.
Alice laughed so much at this, that she had to run back into the
wood for fear of their hearing her; and when she next peeped out the
Fish-Footman was gone, and the other was sitting on the ground near the
door, staring stupidly up into the sky.
Alice went timidly up to the door, and knocked.
'There's no sort of use in knocking,' said the Footman, 'and that for
two reasons. First, because I'm on the same side of the door as you
are; secondly, because they're making such a noise inside, no one could
possibly hear you.' And certainly there was a most extraordinary noise
going on within--a constant howling and sneezing, and every now and then
a great crash, as if a dish or kettle had been broken to pieces.
'Please, then,' said Alice, 'how am I to get in?'
'There might be some sense in your knocking,' the Footman went on
without attending to her, 'if we had the door between us. For instance,
if you were INSIDE, you might knock, and I could let you out, you know.'
He was looking up into the sky all the time he was speaking, and this
Alice thought decidedly uncivil. 'But perhaps he can't help it,' she
said to herself; 'his eyes are so VERY nearly at the top of his head.
But at any rate he might answer questions.--How am I to get in?' she
repeated, aloud.
'I shall sit here,' the Footman remarked, 'till tomorrow--'
At this moment the door of the house opened, and a large plate came
skimming out, straight at the Footman's head: it just grazed his nose,
and broke to pieces against one of the trees behind him.
'--or next day, maybe,' the Footman continued in the same tone, exactly
as if nothing had happened.
'How am I to get in?' asked Alice again, in a louder tone.
'ARE you to get in at all?' said the Footman. 'That's the first
question, you know.'
It was, no doubt: only Alice did not like to be told so. 'It's really
dreadful,' she muttered to herself, 'the way all the creatures argue.
It's enough to drive one crazy!'
The Footman seemed to think this a good opportunity for repeating his
remark, with variations. 'I shall sit here,' he said, 'on and off, for
days and days.'
'But what am I to do?' said Alice.
'Anything you like,' said the Footman, and began whistling.
'Oh, there's no use in talking to him,' said Alice desperately: 'he's
perfectly idiotic!' And she opened the door and went in.
The door led right into a large kitchen, which was full of smoke from
one end to the other: the Duchess was sitting on a three-legged stool in
the middle, nursing a baby; the cook was leaning over the fire, stirring
a large cauldron which seemed to be full of soup.
'There's certainly too much pepper in that soup!' Alice said to herself,
as well as she could for sneezing.
There was certainly too much of it in the air. Even the Duchess
sneezed occasionally; and as for the baby, it was sneezing and howling
alternately without a moment's pause. The only things in the kitchen
that did not sneeze, were the cook, and a large cat which was sitting on
the hearth and grinning from ear to ear.
'Please would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, for she was
not quite sure whether it was good manners for her to speak first, 'why
your cat grins like that?'
'It's a Cheshire cat,' said the Duchess, 'and that's why. Pig!'
She said the last word with such sudden violence that Alice quite
jumped; but she saw in another moment that it was addressed to the baby,
and not to her, so she took courage, and went on again:--
'I didn't know that Cheshire cats always grinned; in fact, I didn't know
that cats COULD grin.'
'They all can,' said the Duchess; 'and most of 'em do.'
'I don't know of any that do,' Alice said very politely, feeling quite
pleased to have got into a conversation.
'You don't know much,' said the Duchess; 'and that's a fact.'
Alice did not at all like the tone of this remark, and thought it would
be as well to introduce some other subject of conversation. While she
was trying to fix on one, the cook took the cauldron of soup off the
fire, and at once set to work throwing everything within her reach at
the Duchess and the baby--the fire-irons came first; then followed a
shower of saucepans, plates, and dishes. The Duchess took no notice of
them even when they hit her; and the baby was howling so much already,
that it was quite impossible to say whether the blows hurt it or not.
'Oh, PLEASE mind what you're doing!' cried Alice, jumping up and down in
an agony of terror. 'Oh, there goes his PRECIOUS nose'; as an unusually
large saucepan flew close by it, and very nearly carried it off.
'If everybody minded their own business,' the Duchess said in a hoarse
growl, 'the world would go round a deal faster than it does.'
'Which would NOT be an advantage,' said Alice, who felt very glad to get
an opportunity of showing off a little of her knowledge. 'Just think of
what work it would make with the day and night! You see the earth takes
twenty-four hours to turn round on its axis--'
'Talking of axes,' said the Duchess, 'chop off her head!'
Alice glanced rather anxiously at the cook, to see if she meant to take
the hint; but the cook was busily stirring the soup, and seemed not to
be listening, so she went on again: 'Twenty-four hours, I THINK; or is
it twelve? I--'
'Oh, don't bother ME,' said the Duchess; 'I never could abide figures!'
And with that she began nursing her child again, singing a sort of
lullaby to it as she did so, and giving it a violent shake at the end of
every line:
'Speak roughly to your little boy,
And beat him when he sneezes:
He only does it to annoy,
Because he knows it teases.'
CHORUS.
(In which the cook and the baby joined):--
'Wow! wow! wow!'
While the Duchess sang the second verse of the song, she kept tossing
the baby violently up and down, and the poor little thing howled so,
that Alice could hardly hear the words:--
'I speak severely to my boy,
I beat him when he sneezes;
For he can thoroughly enjoy
The pepper when he pleases!'
CHORUS.
'Wow! wow! wow!'
'Here! you may nurse it a bit, if you like!' the Duchess said to Alice,
flinging the baby at her as she spoke. 'I must go and get ready to play
croquet with the Queen,' and she hurried out of the room. The cook threw
a frying-pan after her as she went out, but it just missed her.
Alice caught the baby with some difficulty, as it was a queer-shaped
little creature, and held out its arms and legs in all directions, 'just
like a star-fish,' thought Alice. The poor little thing was snorting
like a steam-engine when she caught it, and kept doubling itself up and
straightening itself out again, so that altogether, for the first minute
or two, it was as much as she could do to hold it.
As soon as she had made out the proper way of nursing it, (which was to
twist it up into a sort of knot, and then keep tight hold of its right
ear and left foot, so as to prevent its undoing itself,) she carried
it out into the open air. 'IF I don't take this child away with me,'
thought Alice, 'they're sure to kill it in a day or two: wouldn't it be
murder to leave it behind?' She said the last words out loud, and the
little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time).
'Don't grunt,' said Alice; 'that's not at all a proper way of expressing
yourself.'
The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into its face to
see what was the matter with it. There could be no doubt that it had
a VERY turn-up nose, much more like a snout than a real nose; also its
eyes were getting extremely small for a baby: altogether Alice did not
like the look of the thing at all. 'But perhaps it was only sobbing,'
she thought, and looked into its eyes again, to see if there were any
tears.
No, there were no tears. 'If you're going to turn into a pig, my dear,'
said Alice, seriously, 'I'll have nothing more to do with you. Mind
now!' The poor little thing sobbed again (or grunted, it was impossible
to say which), and they went on for some while in silence.
Alice was just beginning to think to herself, 'Now, what am I to do with
this creature when I get it home?' when it grunted again, so violently,
that she looked down into its face in some alarm. This time there could
be NO mistake about it: it was neither more nor less than a pig, and she
felt that it would be quite absurd for her to carry it further.
So she set the little creature down, and felt quite relieved to see
it trot away quietly into the wood. 'If it had grown up,' she said
to herself, 'it would have made a dreadfully ugly child: but it makes
rather a handsome pig, I think.' And she began thinking over other
children she knew, who might do very well as pigs, and was just saying
to herself, 'if one only knew the right way to change them--' when she
was a little startled by seeing the Cheshire Cat sitting on a bough of a
tree a few yards off.
The Cat only grinned when it saw Alice. It looked good-natured, she
thought: still it had VERY long claws and a great many teeth, so she
felt that it ought to be treated with respect.
'Cheshire Puss,' she began, rather timidly, as she did not at all know
whether it would like the name: however, it only grinned a little wider.
'Come, it's pleased so far,' thought Alice, and she went on. 'Would you
tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?'
'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' said the Cat.
'I don't much care where--' said Alice.
'Then it doesn't matter which way you go,' said the Cat.
'--so long as I get SOMEWHERE,' Alice added as an explanation.
'Oh, you're sure to do that,' said the Cat, 'if you only walk long
enough.'
Alice felt that this could not be denied, so she tried another question.
'What sort of people live about here?'
'In THAT direction,' the Cat said, waving its right paw round, 'lives
a Hatter: and in THAT direction,' waving the other paw, 'lives a March
Hare. Visit either you like: they're both mad.'
'But I don't want to go among mad people,' Alice remarked.
'Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: 'we're all mad here. I'm mad.
You're mad.'
'How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice.
'You must be,' said the Cat, 'or you wouldn't have come here.'
Alice didn't think that proved it at all; however, she went on 'And how
do you know that you're mad?'
'To begin with,' said the Cat, 'a dog's not mad. You grant that?'
'I suppose so,' said Alice.
'Well, then,' the Cat went on, 'you see, a dog growls when it's angry,
and wags its tail when it's pleased. Now I growl when I'm pleased, and
wag my tail when I'm angry. Therefore I'm mad.'
'I call it purring, not growling,' said Alice.
'Call it what you like,' said the Cat. 'Do you play croquet with the
Queen to-day?'
'I should like it very much,' said Alice, 'but I haven't been invited
yet.'
'You'll see me there,' said the Cat, and vanished.
Alice was not much surprised at this, she was getting so used to queer
things happening. While she was looking at the place where it had been,
it suddenly appeared again.
'By-the-bye, what became of the baby?' said the Cat. 'I'd nearly
forgotten to ask.'
'It turned into a pig,' Alice quietly said, just as if it had come back
in a natural way.
'I thought it would,' said the Cat, and vanished again.
Alice waited a little, half expecting to see it again, but it did not
appear, and after a minute or two she walked on in the direction in
which the March Hare was said to live. 'I've seen hatters before,' she
said to herself; 'the March Hare will be much the most interesting, and
perhaps as this is May it won't be raving mad--at least not so mad as
it was in March.' As she said this, she looked up, and there was the Cat
again, sitting on a branch of a tree.
'Did you say pig, or fig?' said the Cat.
'I said pig,' replied Alice; 'and I wish you wouldn't keep appearing and
vanishing so suddenly: you make one quite giddy.'
'All right,' said the Cat; and this time it vanished quite slowly,
beginning with the end of the tail, and ending with the grin, which
remained some time after the rest of it had gone.
'Well! I've often seen a cat without a grin,' thought Alice; 'but a grin
without a cat! It's the most curious thing I ever saw in my life!'
She had not gone much farther before she came in sight of the house
of the March Hare: she thought it must be the right house, because the
chimneys were shaped like ears and the roof was thatched with fur. It
was so large a house, that she did not like to go nearer till she had
nibbled some more of the lefthand bit of mushroom, and raised herself to
about two feet high: even then she walked up towards it rather timidly,
saying to herself 'Suppose it should be raving mad after all! I almost
wish I'd gone to see the Hatter instead!'
CHAPTER VII. A Mad Tea-Party
There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the
March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting
between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a
cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. 'Very
uncomfortable for the Dormouse,' thought Alice; 'only, as it's asleep, I
suppose it doesn't mind.'
The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded together at
one corner of it: 'No room! No room!' they cried out when they saw Alice
coming. 'There's PLENTY of room!' said Alice indignantly, and she sat
down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table.
'Have some wine,' the March Hare said in an encouraging tone.
Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea.
'I don't see any wine,' she remarked.
'There isn't any,' said the March Hare.
'Then it wasn't very civil of you to offer it,' said Alice angrily.
'It wasn't very civil of you to sit down without being invited,' said
the March Hare.
'I didn't know it was YOUR table,' said Alice; 'it's laid for a great
many more than three.'
'Your hair wants cutting,' said the Hatter. He had been looking at Alice
for some time with great curiosity, and this was his first speech.
'You should learn not to make personal remarks,' Alice said with some
severity; 'it's very rude.'
The Hatter opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he SAID
was, 'Why is a raven like a writing-desk?'
'Come, we shall have some fun now!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad they've
begun asking riddles.--I believe I can guess that,' she added aloud.
'Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?' said the
March Hare.
'Exactly so,' said Alice.
'Then you should say what you mean,' the March Hare went on.
'I do,' Alice hastily replied; 'at least--at least I mean what I
say--that's the same thing, you know.'
'Not the same thing a bit!' said the Hatter. 'You might just as well say
that "I see what I eat" is the same thing as "I eat what I see"!'
'You might just as well say,' added the March Hare, 'that "I like what I
get" is the same thing as "I get what I like"!'
'You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed to be
talking in his sleep, 'that "I breathe when I sleep" is the same thing
as "I sleep when I breathe"!'
'It IS the same thing with you,' said the Hatter, and here the
conversation dropped, and the party sat silent for a minute, while Alice
thought over all she could remember about ravens and writing-desks,
which wasn't much.
The Hatter was the first to break the silence. 'What day of the month
is it?' he said, turning to Alice: he had taken his watch out of his
pocket, and was looking at it uneasily, shaking it every now and then,
and holding it to his ear.
Alice considered a little, and then said 'The fourth.'
'Two days wrong!' sighed the Hatter. 'I told you butter wouldn't suit
the works!' he added looking angrily at the March Hare.
'It was the BEST butter,' the March Hare meekly replied.
'Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well,' the Hatter grumbled:
'you shouldn't have put it in with the bread-knife.'
The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily: then he dipped
it into his cup of tea, and looked at it again: but he could think of
nothing better to say than his first remark, 'It was the BEST butter,
you know.'
Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. 'What a
funny watch!' she remarked. 'It tells the day of the month, and doesn't
tell what o'clock it is!'
'Why should it?' muttered the Hatter. 'Does YOUR watch tell you what
year it is?'
'Of course not,' Alice replied very readily: 'but that's because it
stays the same year for such a long time together.'
'Which is just the case with MINE,' said the Hatter.
Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter's remark seemed to have no
sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. 'I don't quite
understand you,' she said, as politely as she could.
'The Dormouse is asleep again,' said the Hatter, and he poured a little
hot tea upon its nose.
The Dormouse shook its head impatiently, and said, without opening its
eyes, 'Of course, of course; just what I was going to remark myself.'
'Have you guessed the riddle yet?' the Hatter said, turning to Alice
again.
'No, I give it up,' Alice replied: 'what's the answer?'
'I haven't the slightest idea,' said the Hatter.
'Nor I,' said the March Hare.
Alice sighed wearily. 'I think you might do something better with the
time,' she said, 'than waste it in asking riddles that have no answers.'
'If you knew Time as well as I do,' said the Hatter, 'you wouldn't talk
about wasting IT. It's HIM.'
'I don't know what you mean,' said Alice.
'Of course you don't!' the Hatter said, tossing his head contemptuously.
'I dare say you never even spoke to Time!'
'Perhaps not,' Alice cautiously replied: 'but I know I have to beat time
when I learn music.'
'Ah! that accounts for it,' said the Hatter. 'He won't stand beating.
Now, if you only kept on good terms with him, he'd do almost anything
you liked with the clock. For instance, suppose it were nine o'clock in
the morning, just time to begin lessons: you'd only have to whisper a
hint to Time, and round goes the clock in a twinkling! Half-past one,
time for dinner!'
('I only wish it was,' the March Hare said to itself in a whisper.)
'That would be grand, certainly,' said Alice thoughtfully: 'but then--I
shouldn't be hungry for it, you know.'
'Not at first, perhaps,' said the Hatter: 'but you could keep it to
half-past one as long as you liked.'
'Is that the way YOU manage?' Alice asked.
The Hatter shook his head mournfully. 'Not I!' he replied. 'We
quarrelled last March--just before HE went mad, you know--' (pointing
with his tea spoon at the March Hare,) '--it was at the great concert
given by the Queen of Hearts, and I had to sing
"Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!
How I wonder what you're at!"
You know the song, perhaps?'
'I've heard something like it,' said Alice.
'It goes on, you know,' the Hatter continued, 'in this way:--
"Up above the world you fly,
Like a tea-tray in the sky.
Twinkle, twinkle--"'
Here the Dormouse shook itself, and began singing in its sleep 'Twinkle,
twinkle, twinkle, twinkle--' and went on so long that they had to pinch
it to make it stop.
'Well, I'd hardly finished the first verse,' said the Hatter, 'when the
Queen jumped up and bawled out, "He's murdering the time! Off with his
head!"'
'How dreadfully savage!' exclaimed Alice.
'And ever since that,' the Hatter went on in a mournful tone, 'he won't
do a thing I ask! It's always six o'clock now.'
A bright idea came into Alice's head. 'Is that the reason so many
tea-things are put out here?' she asked.
'Yes, that's it,' said the Hatter with a sigh: 'it's always tea-time,
and we've no time to wash the things between whiles.'
'Then you keep moving round, I suppose?' said Alice.
'Exactly so,' said the Hatter: 'as the things get used up.'
'But what happens when you come to the beginning again?' Alice ventured
to ask.
'Suppose we change the subject,' the March Hare interrupted, yawning.
'I'm getting tired of this. I vote the young lady tells us a story.'
'I'm afraid I don't know one,' said Alice, rather alarmed at the
proposal.
'Then the Dormouse shall!' they both cried. 'Wake up, Dormouse!' And
they pinched it on both sides at once.
The Dormouse slowly opened his eyes. 'I wasn't asleep,' he said in a
hoarse, feeble voice: 'I heard every word you fellows were saying.'
'Tell us a story!' said the March Hare.
'Yes, please do!' pleaded Alice.
'And be quick about it,' added the Hatter, 'or you'll be asleep again
before it's done.'
'Once upon a time there were three little sisters,' the Dormouse began
in a great hurry; 'and their names were Elsie, Lacie, and Tillie; and
they lived at the bottom of a well--'
'What did they live on?' said Alice, who always took a great interest in
questions of eating and drinking.
'They lived on treacle,' said the Dormouse, after thinking a minute or
two.
'They couldn't have done that, you know,' Alice gently remarked; 'they'd
have been ill.'
'So they were,' said the Dormouse; 'VERY ill.'
Alice tried to fancy to herself what such an extraordinary ways of
living would be like, but it puzzled her too much, so she went on: 'But
why did they live at the bottom of a well?'
'Take some more tea,' the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.
'I've had nothing yet,' Alice replied in an offended tone, 'so I can't
take more.'
'You mean you can't take LESS,' said the Hatter: 'it's very easy to take
MORE than nothing.'
'Nobody asked YOUR opinion,' said Alice.
'Who's making personal remarks now?' the Hatter asked triumphantly.
Alice did not quite know what to say to this: so she helped herself
to some tea and bread-and-butter, and then turned to the Dormouse, and
repeated her question. 'Why did they live at the bottom of a well?'
The Dormouse again took a minute or two to think about it, and then
said, 'It was a treacle-well.'
'There's no such thing!' Alice was beginning very angrily, but the
Hatter and the March Hare went 'Sh! sh!' and the Dormouse sulkily
remarked, 'If you can't be civil, you'd better finish the story for
yourself.'
'No, please go on!' Alice said very humbly; 'I won't interrupt again. I
dare say there may be ONE.'
'One, indeed!' said the Dormouse indignantly. However, he consented to
go on. 'And so these three little sisters--they were learning to draw,
you know--'
'What did they draw?' said Alice, quite forgetting her promise.
'Treacle,' said the Dormouse, without considering at all this time.
'I want a clean cup,' interrupted the Hatter: 'let's all move one place
on.'
He moved on as he spoke, and the Dormouse followed him: the March Hare
moved into the Dormouse's place, and Alice rather unwillingly took
the place of the March Hare. The Hatter was the only one who got any
advantage from the change: and Alice was a good deal worse off than
before, as the March Hare had just upset the milk-jug into his plate.
Alice did not wish to offend the Dormouse again, so she began very
cautiously: 'But I don't understand. Where did they draw the treacle
from?'
'You can draw water out of a water-well,' said the Hatter; 'so I should
think you could draw treacle out of a treacle-well--eh, stupid?'
'But they were IN the well,' Alice said to the Dormouse, not choosing to
notice this last remark.
'Of course they were', said the Dormouse; '--well in.'
This answer so confused poor Alice, that she let the Dormouse go on for
some time without interrupting it.
'They were learning to draw,' the Dormouse went on, yawning and rubbing
its eyes, for it was getting very sleepy; 'and they drew all manner of
things--everything that begins with an M--'
'Why with an M?' said Alice.
'Why not?' said the March Hare.
Alice was silent.
The Dormouse had closed its eyes by this time, and was going off into
a doze; but, on being pinched by the Hatter, it woke up again with
a little shriek, and went on: '--that begins with an M, such as
mouse-traps, and the moon, and memory, and muchness--you know you say
things are "much of a muchness"--did you ever see such a thing as a
drawing of a muchness?'
'Really, now you ask me,' said Alice, very much confused, 'I don't
think--'
'Then you shouldn't talk,' said the Hatter.
This piece of rudeness was more than Alice could bear: she got up in
great disgust, and walked off; the Dormouse fell asleep instantly, and
neither of the others took the least notice of her going, though she
looked back once or twice, half hoping that they would call after her:
the last time she saw them, they were trying to put the Dormouse into
the teapot.
'At any rate I'll never go THERE again!' said Alice as she picked her
way through the wood. 'It's the stupidest tea-party I ever was at in all
my life!'
Just as she said this, she noticed that one of the trees had a door
leading right into it. 'That's very curious!' she thought. 'But
everything's curious today. I think I may as well go in at once.' And in
she went.
Once more she found herself in the long hall, and close to the little
glass table. 'Now, I'll manage better this time,' she said to herself,
and began by taking the little golden key, and unlocking the door that
led into the garden. Then she went to work nibbling at the mushroom (she
had kept a piece of it in her pocket) till she was about a foot high:
then she walked down the little passage: and THEN--she found herself at
last in the beautiful garden, among the bright flower-beds and the cool
fountains.
CHAPTER VIII. The Queen's Croquet-Ground
A large rose-tree stood near the entrance of the garden: the roses
growing on it were white, but there were three gardeners at it, busily
painting them red. Alice thought this a very curious thing, and she went
nearer to watch them, and just as she came up to them she heard one of
them say, 'Look out now, Five! Don't go splashing paint over me like
that!'
'I couldn't help it,' said Five, in a sulky tone; 'Seven jogged my
elbow.'
On which Seven looked up and said, 'That's right, Five! Always lay the
blame on others!'
'YOU'D better not talk!' said Five. 'I heard the Queen say only
yesterday you deserved to be beheaded!'
'What for?' said the one who had spoken first.
'That's none of YOUR business, Two!' said Seven.
'Yes, it IS his business!' said Five, 'and I'll tell him--it was for
bringing the cook tulip-roots instead of onions.'
Seven flung down his brush, and had just begun 'Well, of all the unjust
things--' when his eye chanced to fall upon Alice, as she stood watching
them, and he checked himself suddenly: the others looked round also, and
all of them bowed low.
'Would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, 'why you are painting
those roses?'
Five and Seven said nothing, but looked at Two. Two began in a low
voice, 'Why the fact is, you see, Miss, this here ought to have been a
RED rose-tree, and we put a white one in by mistake; and if the Queen
was to find it out, we should all have our heads cut off, you know.
So you see, Miss, we're doing our best, afore she comes, to--' At this
moment Five, who had been anxiously looking across the garden, called
out 'The Queen! The Queen!' and the three gardeners instantly threw
themselves flat upon their faces. There was a sound of many footsteps,
and Alice looked round, eager to see the Queen.
First came ten soldiers carrying clubs; these were all shaped like
the three gardeners, oblong and flat, with their hands and feet at the
corners: next the ten courtiers; these were ornamented all over with
diamonds, and walked two and two, as the soldiers did. After these came
the royal children; there were ten of them, and the little dears came
jumping merrily along hand in hand, in couples: they were all ornamented
with hearts. Next came the guests, mostly Kings and Queens, and among
them Alice recognised the White Rabbit: it was talking in a hurried
nervous manner, smiling at everything that was said, and went by without
noticing her. Then followed the Knave of Hearts, carrying the King's
crown on a crimson velvet cushion; and, last of all this grand
procession, came THE KING AND QUEEN OF HEARTS.
Alice was rather doubtful whether she ought not to lie down on her face
like the three gardeners, but she could not remember ever having heard
of such a rule at processions; 'and besides, what would be the use of
a procession,' thought she, 'if people had all to lie down upon their
faces, so that they couldn't see it?' So she stood still where she was,
and waited.
When the procession came opposite to Alice, they all stopped and looked
at her, and the Queen said severely 'Who is this?' She said it to the
Knave of Hearts, who only bowed and smiled in reply.
'Idiot!' said the Queen, tossing her head impatiently; and, turning to
Alice, she went on, 'What's your name, child?'
'My name is Alice, so please your Majesty,' said Alice very politely;
but she added, to herself, 'Why, they're only a pack of cards, after
all. I needn't be afraid of them!'
'And who are THESE?' said the Queen, pointing to the three gardeners who
were lying round the rosetree; for, you see, as they were lying on their
faces, and the pattern on their backs was the same as the rest of the
pack, she could not tell whether they were gardeners, or soldiers, or
courtiers, or three of her own children.
'How should I know?' said Alice, surprised at her own courage. 'It's no
business of MINE.'
The Queen turned crimson with fury, and, after glaring at her for a
moment like a wild beast, screamed 'Off with her head! Off--'
'Nonsense!' said Alice, very loudly and decidedly, and the Queen was
silent.
The King laid his hand upon her arm, and timidly said 'Consider, my
dear: she is only a child!'
The Queen turned angrily away from him, and said to the Knave 'Turn them
over!'
The Knave did so, very carefully, with one foot.
'Get up!' said the Queen, in a shrill, loud voice, and the three
gardeners instantly jumped up, and began bowing to the King, the Queen,
the royal children, and everybody else.
'Leave off that!' screamed the Queen. 'You make me giddy.' And then,
turning to the rose-tree, she went on, 'What HAVE you been doing here?'
'May it please your Majesty,' said Two, in a very humble tone, going
down on one knee as he spoke, 'we were trying--'
'I see!' said the Queen, who had meanwhile been examining the roses.
'Off with their heads!' and the procession moved on, three of the
soldiers remaining behind to execute the unfortunate gardeners, who ran
to Alice for protection.
'You shan't be beheaded!' said Alice, and she put them into a large
flower-pot that stood near. The three soldiers wandered about for a
minute or two, looking for them, and then quietly marched off after the
others.
'Are their heads off?' shouted the Queen.
'Their heads are gone, if it please your Majesty!' the soldiers shouted
in reply.
'That's right!' shouted the Queen. 'Can you play croquet?'
The soldiers were silent, and looked at Alice, as the question was
evidently meant for her.
'Yes!' shouted Alice.
'Come on, then!' roared the Queen, and Alice joined the procession,
wondering very much what would happen next.
'It's--it's a very fine day!' said a timid voice at her side. She was
walking by the White Rabbit, who was peeping anxiously into her face.
'Very,' said Alice: '--where's the Duchess?'
'Hush! Hush!' said the Rabbit in a low, hurried tone. He looked
anxiously over his shoulder as he spoke, and then raised himself upon
tiptoe, put his mouth close to her ear, and whispered 'She's under
sentence of execution.'
'What for?' said Alice.
'Did you say "What a pity!"?' the Rabbit asked.
'No, I didn't,' said Alice: 'I don't think it's at all a pity. I said
"What for?"'
'She boxed the Queen's ears--' the Rabbit began. Alice gave a little
scream of laughter. 'Oh, hush!' the Rabbit whispered in a frightened
tone. 'The Queen will hear you! You see, she came rather late, and the
Queen said--'
'Get to your places!' shouted the Queen in a voice of thunder, and
people began running about in all directions, tumbling up against each
other; however, they got settled down in a minute or two, and the game
began. Alice thought she had never seen such a curious croquet-ground in
her life; it was all ridges and furrows; the balls were live hedgehogs,
the mallets live flamingoes, and the soldiers had to double themselves
up and to stand on their hands and feet, to make the arches.
The chief difficulty Alice found at first was in managing her flamingo:
she succeeded in getting its body tucked away, comfortably enough, under
her arm, with its legs hanging down, but generally, just as she had got
its neck nicely straightened out, and was going to give the hedgehog a
blow with its head, it WOULD twist itself round and look up in her face,
with such a puzzled expression that she could not help bursting out
laughing: and when she had got its head down, and was going to begin
again, it was very provoking to find that the hedgehog had unrolled
itself, and was in the act of crawling away: besides all this, there was
generally a ridge or furrow in the way wherever she wanted to send the
hedgehog to, and, as the doubled-up soldiers were always getting up
and walking off to other parts of the ground, Alice soon came to the
conclusion that it was a very difficult game indeed.
The players all played at once without waiting for turns, quarrelling
all the while, and fighting for the hedgehogs; and in a very short
time the Queen was in a furious passion, and went stamping about, and
shouting 'Off with his head!' or 'Off with her head!' about once in a
minute.
Alice began to feel very uneasy: to be sure, she had not as yet had any
dispute with the Queen, but she knew that it might happen any minute,
'and then,' thought she, 'what would become of me? They're dreadfully
fond of beheading people here; the great wonder is, that there's any one
left alive!'
She was looking about for some way of escape, and wondering whether she
could get away without being seen, when she noticed a curious appearance
in the air: it puzzled her very much at first, but, after watching it
a minute or two, she made it out to be a grin, and she said to herself
'It's the Cheshire Cat: now I shall have somebody to talk to.'
'How are you getting on?' said the Cat, as soon as there was mouth
enough for it to speak with.
Alice waited till the eyes appeared, and then nodded. 'It's no use
speaking to it,' she thought, 'till its ears have come, or at least one
of them.' In another minute the whole head appeared, and then Alice put
down her flamingo, and began an account of the game, feeling very glad
she had someone to listen to her. The Cat seemed to think that there was
enough of it now in sight, and no more of it appeared.
'I don't think they play at all fairly,' Alice began, in rather a
complaining tone, 'and they all quarrel so dreadfully one can't hear
oneself speak--and they don't seem to have any rules in particular;
at least, if there are, nobody attends to them--and you've no idea how
confusing it is all the things being alive; for instance, there's the
arch I've got to go through next walking about at the other end of the
ground--and I should have croqueted the Queen's hedgehog just now, only
it ran away when it saw mine coming!'
'How do you like the Queen?' said the Cat in a low voice.
'Not at all,' said Alice: 'she's so extremely--' Just then she noticed
that the Queen was close behind her, listening: so she went on,
'--likely to win, that it's hardly worth while finishing the game.'
The Queen smiled and passed on.
'Who ARE you talking to?' said the King, going up to Alice, and looking
at the Cat's head with great curiosity.
'It's a friend of mine--a Cheshire Cat,' said Alice: 'allow me to
introduce it.'
'I don't like the look of it at all,' said the King: 'however, it may
kiss my hand if it likes.'
'I'd rather not,' the Cat remarked.
'Don't be impertinent,' said the King, 'and don't look at me like that!'
He got behind Alice as he spoke.
'A cat may look at a king,' said Alice. 'I've read that in some book,
but I don't remember where.'
'Well, it must be removed,' said the King very decidedly, and he called
the Queen, who was passing at the moment, 'My dear! I wish you would
have this cat removed!'
The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great or small.
'Off with his head!' she said, without even looking round.
'I'll fetch the executioner myself,' said the King eagerly, and he
hurried off.
Alice thought she might as well go back, and see how the game was going
on, as she heard the Queen's voice in the distance, screaming with
passion. She had already heard her sentence three of the players to be
executed for having missed their turns, and she did not like the look
of things at all, as the game was in such confusion that she never knew
whether it was her turn or not. So she went in search of her hedgehog.
The hedgehog was engaged in a fight with another hedgehog, which seemed
to Alice an excellent opportunity for croqueting one of them with the
other: the only difficulty was, that her flamingo was gone across to the
other side of the garden, where Alice could see it trying in a helpless
sort of way to fly up into a tree.
By the time she had caught the flamingo and brought it back, the fight
was over, and both the hedgehogs were out of sight: 'but it doesn't
matter much,' thought Alice, 'as all the arches are gone from this side
of the ground.' So she tucked it away under her arm, that it might not
escape again, and went back for a little more conversation with her
friend.
When she got back to the Cheshire Cat, she was surprised to find quite a
large crowd collected round it: there was a dispute going on between
the executioner, the King, and the Queen, who were all talking at once,
while all the rest were quite silent, and looked very uncomfortable.
The moment Alice appeared, she was appealed to by all three to settle
the question, and they repeated their arguments to her, though, as they
all spoke at once, she found it very hard indeed to make out exactly
what they said.
The executioner's argument was, that you couldn't cut off a head unless
there was a body to cut it off from: that he had never had to do such a
thing before, and he wasn't going to begin at HIS time of life.
The King's argument was, that anything that had a head could be
beheaded, and that you weren't to talk nonsense.
The Queen's argument was, that if something wasn't done about it in less
than no time she'd have everybody executed, all round. (It was this last
remark that had made the whole party look so grave and anxious.)
Alice could think of nothing else to say but 'It belongs to the Duchess:
you'd better ask HER about it.'
'She's in prison,' the Queen said to the executioner: 'fetch her here.'
And the executioner went off like an arrow.
The Cat's head began fading away the moment he was gone, and,
by the time he had come back with the Duchess, it had entirely
disappeared; so the King and the executioner ran wildly up and down
looking for it, while the rest of the party went back to the game.
CHAPTER IX. The Mock Turtle's Story
'You can't think how glad I am to see you again, you dear old thing!'
said the Duchess, as she tucked her arm affectionately into Alice's, and
they walked off together.
Alice was very glad to find her in such a pleasant temper, and thought
to herself that perhaps it was only the pepper that had made her so
savage when they met in the kitchen.
'When I'M a Duchess,' she said to herself, (not in a very hopeful tone
though), 'I won't have any pepper in my kitchen AT ALL. Soup does very
well without--Maybe it's always pepper that makes people hot-tempered,'
she went on, very much pleased at having found out a new kind of
rule, 'and vinegar that makes them sour--and camomile that makes
them bitter--and--and barley-sugar and such things that make children
sweet-tempered. I only wish people knew that: then they wouldn't be so
stingy about it, you know--'
She had quite forgotten the Duchess by this time, and was a little
startled when she heard her voice close to her ear. 'You're thinking
about something, my dear, and that makes you forget to talk. I can't
tell you just now what the moral of that is, but I shall remember it in
a bit.'
'Perhaps it hasn't one,' Alice ventured to remark.
'Tut, tut, child!' said the Duchess. 'Everything's got a moral, if only
you can find it.' And she squeezed herself up closer to Alice's side as
she spoke.
Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the
Duchess was VERY ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the
right height to rest her chin upon Alice's shoulder, and it was an
uncomfortably sharp chin. However, she did not like to be rude, so she
bore it as well as she could.
'The game's going on rather better now,' she said, by way of keeping up
the conversation a little.
''Tis so,' said the Duchess: 'and the moral of that is--"Oh, 'tis love,
'tis love, that makes the world go round!"'
'Somebody said,' Alice whispered, 'that it's done by everybody minding
their own business!'
'Ah, well! It means much the same thing,' said the Duchess, digging her
sharp little chin into Alice's shoulder as she added, 'and the moral
of THAT is--"Take care of the sense, and the sounds will take care of
themselves."'
'How fond she is of finding morals in things!' Alice thought to herself.
'I dare say you're wondering why I don't put my arm round your waist,'
the Duchess said after a pause: 'the reason is, that I'm doubtful about
the temper of your flamingo. Shall I try the experiment?'
'HE might bite,' Alice cautiously replied, not feeling at all anxious to
have the experiment tried.
'Very true,' said the Duchess: 'flamingoes and mustard both bite. And
the moral of that is--"Birds of a feather flock together."'
'Only mustard isn't a bird,' Alice remarked.
'Right, as usual,' said the Duchess: 'what a clear way you have of
putting things!'
'It's a mineral, I THINK,' said Alice.
'Of course it is,' said the Duchess, who seemed ready to agree to
everything that Alice said; 'there's a large mustard-mine near here. And
the moral of that is--"The more there is of mine, the less there is of
yours."'
'Oh, I know!' exclaimed Alice, who had not attended to this last remark,
'it's a vegetable. It doesn't look like one, but it is.'
'I quite agree with you,' said the Duchess; 'and the moral of that
is--"Be what you would seem to be"--or if you'd like it put more
simply--"Never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might
appear to others that what you were or might have been was not otherwise
than what you had been would have appeared to them to be otherwise."'
'I think I should understand that better,' Alice said very politely, 'if
I had it written down: but I can't quite follow it as you say it.'
'That's nothing to what I could say if I chose,' the Duchess replied, in
a pleased tone.
'Pray don't trouble yourself to say it any longer than that,' said
Alice.
'Oh, don't talk about trouble!' said the Duchess. 'I make you a present
of everything I've said as yet.'
'A cheap sort of present!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad they don't give
birthday presents like that!' But she did not venture to say it out
loud.
'Thinking again?' the Duchess asked, with another dig of her sharp
little chin.
'I've a right to think,' said Alice sharply, for she was beginning to
feel a little worried.
'Just about as much right,' said the Duchess, 'as pigs have to fly; and
the m--'
But here, to Alice's great surprise, the Duchess's voice died away, even
in the middle of her favourite word 'moral,' and the arm that was linked
into hers began to tremble. Alice looked up, and there stood the Queen
in front of them, with her arms folded, frowning like a thunderstorm.
'A fine day, your Majesty!' the Duchess began in a low, weak voice.
'Now, I give you fair warning,' shouted the Queen, stamping on the
ground as she spoke; 'either you or your head must be off, and that in
about half no time! Take your choice!'
The Duchess took her choice, and was gone in a moment.
'Let's go on with the game,' the Queen said to Alice; and Alice was
too much frightened to say a word, but slowly followed her back to the
croquet-ground.
The other guests had taken advantage of the Queen's absence, and were
resting in the shade: however, the moment they saw her, they hurried
back to the game, the Queen merely remarking that a moment's delay would
cost them their lives.
All the time they were playing the Queen never left off quarrelling with
the other players, and shouting 'Off with his head!' or 'Off with her
head!' Those whom she sentenced were taken into custody by the soldiers,
who of course had to leave off being arches to do this, so that by
the end of half an hour or so there were no arches left, and all the
players, except the King, the Queen, and Alice, were in custody and
under sentence of execution.
Then the Queen left off, quite out of breath, and said to Alice, 'Have
you seen the Mock Turtle yet?'
'No,' said Alice. 'I don't even know what a Mock Turtle is.'
'It's the thing Mock Turtle Soup is made from,' said the Queen.
'I never saw one, or heard of one,' said Alice.
'Come on, then,' said the Queen, 'and he shall tell you his history,'
As they walked off together, Alice heard the King say in a low voice,
to the company generally, 'You are all pardoned.' 'Come, THAT'S a good
thing!' she said to herself, for she had felt quite unhappy at the
number of executions the Queen had ordered.
They very soon came upon a Gryphon, lying fast asleep in the sun.
(IF you don't know what a Gryphon is, look at the picture.) 'Up, lazy
thing!' said the Queen, 'and take this young lady to see the Mock
Turtle, and to hear his history. I must go back and see after some
executions I have ordered'; and she walked off, leaving Alice alone with
the Gryphon. Alice did not quite like the look of the creature, but on
the whole she thought it would be quite as safe to stay with it as to go
after that savage Queen: so she waited.
The Gryphon sat up and rubbed its eyes: then it watched the Queen till
she was out of sight: then it chuckled. 'What fun!' said the Gryphon,
half to itself, half to Alice.
'What IS the fun?' said Alice.
'Why, SHE,' said the Gryphon. 'It's all her fancy, that: they never
executes nobody, you know. Come on!'
'Everybody says "come on!" here,' thought Alice, as she went slowly
after it: 'I never was so ordered about in all my life, never!'
They had not gone far before they saw the Mock Turtle in the distance,
sitting sad and lonely on a little ledge of rock, and, as they came
nearer, Alice could hear him sighing as if his heart would break. She
pitied him deeply. 'What is his sorrow?' she asked the Gryphon, and the
Gryphon answered, very nearly in the same words as before, 'It's all his
fancy, that: he hasn't got no sorrow, you know. Come on!'
So they went up to the Mock Turtle, who looked at them with large eyes
full of tears, but said nothing.
'This here young lady,' said the Gryphon, 'she wants for to know your
history, she do.'
'I'll tell it her,' said the Mock Turtle in a deep, hollow tone: 'sit
down, both of you, and don't speak a word till I've finished.'
So they sat down, and nobody spoke for some minutes. Alice thought to
herself, 'I don't see how he can EVEN finish, if he doesn't begin.' But
she waited patiently.
'Once,' said the Mock Turtle at last, with a deep sigh, 'I was a real
Turtle.'
These words were followed by a very long silence, broken only by an
occasional exclamation of 'Hjckrrh!' from the Gryphon, and the constant
heavy sobbing of the Mock Turtle. Alice was very nearly getting up and
saying, 'Thank you, sir, for your interesting story,' but she could
not help thinking there MUST be more to come, so she sat still and said
nothing.
'When we were little,' the Mock Turtle went on at last, more calmly,
though still sobbing a little now and then, 'we went to school in the
sea. The master was an old Turtle--we used to call him Tortoise--'
'Why did you call him Tortoise, if he wasn't one?' Alice asked.
'We called him Tortoise because he taught us,' said the Mock Turtle
angrily: 'really you are very dull!'
'You ought to be ashamed of yourself for asking such a simple question,'
added the Gryphon; and then they both sat silent and looked at poor
Alice, who felt ready to sink into the earth. At last the Gryphon said
to the Mock Turtle, 'Drive on, old fellow! Don't be all day about it!'
and he went on in these words:
'Yes, we went to school in the sea, though you mayn't believe it--'
'I never said I didn't!' interrupted Alice.
'You did,' said the Mock Turtle.
'Hold your tongue!' added the Gryphon, before Alice could speak again.
The Mock Turtle went on.
'We had the best of educations--in fact, we went to school every day--'
'I'VE been to a day-school, too,' said Alice; 'you needn't be so proud
as all that.'
'With extras?' asked the Mock Turtle a little anxiously.
'Yes,' said Alice, 'we learned French and music.'
'And washing?' said the Mock Turtle.
'Certainly not!' said Alice indignantly.
'Ah! then yours wasn't a really good school,' said the Mock Turtle in
a tone of great relief. 'Now at OURS they had at the end of the bill,
"French, music, AND WASHING--extra."'
'You couldn't have wanted it much,' said Alice; 'living at the bottom of
the sea.'
'I couldn't afford to learn it.' said the Mock Turtle with a sigh. 'I
only took the regular course.'
'What was that?' inquired Alice.
'Reeling and Writhing, of course, to begin with,' the Mock Turtle
replied; 'and then the different branches of Arithmetic--Ambition,
Distraction, Uglification, and Derision.'
'I never heard of "Uglification,"' Alice ventured to say. 'What is it?'
The Gryphon lifted up both its paws in surprise. 'What! Never heard of
uglifying!' it exclaimed. 'You know what to beautify is, I suppose?'
'Yes,' said Alice doubtfully: 'it means--to--make--anything--prettier.'
'Well, then,' the Gryphon went on, 'if you don't know what to uglify is,
you ARE a simpleton.'
Alice did not feel encouraged to ask any more questions about it, so she
turned to the Mock Turtle, and said 'What else had you to learn?'
'Well, there was Mystery,' the Mock Turtle replied, counting off
the subjects on his flappers, '--Mystery, ancient and modern, with
Seaography: then Drawling--the Drawling-master was an old conger-eel,
that used to come once a week: HE taught us Drawling, Stretching, and
Fainting in Coils.'
'What was THAT like?' said Alice.
'Well, I can't show it you myself,' the Mock Turtle said: 'I'm too
stiff. And the Gryphon never learnt it.'
'Hadn't time,' said the Gryphon: 'I went to the Classics master, though.
He was an old crab, HE was.'
'I never went to him,' the Mock Turtle said with a sigh: 'he taught
Laughing and Grief, they used to say.'
'So he did, so he did,' said the Gryphon, sighing in his turn; and both
creatures hid their faces in their paws.
'And how many hours a day did you do lessons?' said Alice, in a hurry to
change the subject.
'Ten hours the first day,' said the Mock Turtle: 'nine the next, and so
on.'
'What a curious plan!' exclaimed Alice.
'That's the reason they're called lessons,' the Gryphon remarked:
'because they lessen from day to day.'
This was quite a new idea to Alice, and she thought it over a little
before she made her next remark. 'Then the eleventh day must have been a
holiday?'
'Of course it was,' said the Mock Turtle.
'And how did you manage on the twelfth?' Alice went on eagerly.
'That's enough about lessons,' the Gryphon interrupted in a very decided
tone: 'tell her something about the games now.'
CHAPTER X. The Lobster Quadrille
The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and drew the back of one flapper across
his eyes. He looked at Alice, and tried to speak, but for a minute or
two sobs choked his voice. ‘Same as if he had a bone in his throat,’
said the Gryphon: and it set to work shaking him and punching him in
the back. At last the Mock Turtle recovered his voice, and, with tears
running down his cheeks, he went on again:–
'You may not have lived much under the sea--' ('I haven't,' said
Alice)--'and perhaps you were never even introduced to a lobster--'
(Alice began to say 'I once tasted--' but checked herself hastily, and
said 'No, never') '--so you can have no idea what a delightful thing a
Lobster Quadrille is!'
'No, indeed,' said Alice. 'What sort of a dance is it?'
'Why,' said the Gryphon, 'you first form into a line along the
sea-shore--'
'Two lines!' cried the Mock Turtle. 'Seals, turtles, salmon, and so on;
then, when you've cleared all the jelly-fish out of the way--'
'THAT generally takes some time,' interrupted the Gryphon.
'--you advance twice--'
'Each with a lobster as a partner!' cried the Gryphon.
'Of course,' the Mock Turtle said: 'advance twice, set to partners--'
'--change lobsters, and retire in same order,' continued the Gryphon.
'Then, you know,' the Mock Turtle went on, 'you throw the--'
'The lobsters!' shouted the Gryphon, with a bound into the air.
'--as far out to sea as you can--'
'Swim after them!' screamed the Gryphon.
'Turn a somersault in the sea!' cried the Mock Turtle, capering wildly
about.
'Change lobsters again!' yelled the Gryphon at the top of its voice.
'Back to land again, and that's all the first figure,' said the Mock
Turtle, suddenly dropping his voice; and the two creatures, who had been
jumping about like mad things all this time, sat down again very sadly
and quietly, and looked at Alice.
'It must be a very pretty dance,' said Alice timidly.
'Would you like to see a little of it?' said the Mock Turtle.
'Very much indeed,' said Alice.
'Come, let's try the first figure!' said the Mock Turtle to the Gryphon.
'We can do without lobsters, you know. Which shall sing?'
'Oh, YOU sing,' said the Gryphon. 'I've forgotten the words.'
So they began solemnly dancing round and round Alice, every now and
then treading on her toes when they passed too close, and waving their
forepaws to mark the time, while the Mock Turtle sang this, very slowly
and sadly:--
'"Will you walk a little faster?" said a whiting to a snail.
"There's a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on my tail.
See how eagerly the lobsters and the turtles all advance!
They are waiting on the shingle--will you come and join the dance?
Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance?
Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance?
"You can really have no notion how delightful it will be
When they take us up and throw us, with the lobsters, out to sea!"
But the snail replied "Too far, too far!" and gave a look askance--
Said he thanked the whiting kindly, but he would not join the dance.
Would not, could not, would not, could not, would not join the dance.
Would not, could not, would not, could not, could not join the dance.
'"What matters it how far we go?" his scaly friend replied.
"There is another shore, you know, upon the other side.
The further off from England the nearer is to France--
Then turn not pale, beloved snail, but come and join the dance.
Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance?
Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance?"'
'Thank you, it's a very interesting dance to watch,' said Alice, feeling
very glad that it was over at last: 'and I do so like that curious song
about the whiting!'
'Oh, as to the whiting,' said the Mock Turtle, 'they--you've seen them,
of course?'
'Yes,' said Alice, 'I've often seen them at dinn--' she checked herself
hastily.
'I don't know where Dinn may be,' said the Mock Turtle, 'but if you've
seen them so often, of course you know what they're like.'
'I believe so,' Alice replied thoughtfully. 'They have their tails in
their mouths--and they're all over crumbs.'
'You're wrong about the crumbs,' said the Mock Turtle: 'crumbs would all
wash off in the sea. But they HAVE their tails in their mouths; and the
reason is--' here the Mock Turtle yawned and shut his eyes.--'Tell her
about the reason and all that,' he said to the Gryphon.
'The reason is,' said the Gryphon, 'that they WOULD go with the lobsters
to the dance. So they got thrown out to sea. So they had to fall a long
way. So they got their tails fast in their mouths. So they couldn't get
them out again. That's all.'
'Thank you,' said Alice, 'it's very interesting. I never knew so much
about a whiting before.'
'I can tell you more than that, if you like,' said the Gryphon. 'Do you
know why it's called a whiting?'
'I never thought about it,' said Alice. 'Why?'
'IT DOES THE BOOTS AND SHOES.' the Gryphon replied very solemnly.
Alice was thoroughly puzzled. 'Does the boots and shoes!' she repeated
in a wondering tone.
'Why, what are YOUR shoes done with?' said the Gryphon. 'I mean, what
makes them so shiny?'
Alice looked down at them, and considered a little before she gave her
answer. 'They're done with blacking, I believe.'
'Boots and shoes under the sea,' the Gryphon went on in a deep voice,
'are done with a whiting. Now you know.'
'And what are they made of?' Alice asked in a tone of great curiosity.
'Soles and eels, of course,' the Gryphon replied rather impatiently:
'any shrimp could have told you that.'
'If I'd been the whiting,' said Alice, whose thoughts were still running
on the song, 'I'd have said to the porpoise, "Keep back, please: we
don't want YOU with us!"'
'They were obliged to have him with them,' the Mock Turtle said: 'no
wise fish would go anywhere without a porpoise.'
'Wouldn't it really?' said Alice in a tone of great surprise.
'Of course not,' said the Mock Turtle: 'why, if a fish came to ME, and
told me he was going a journey, I should say "With what porpoise?"'
'Don't you mean "purpose"?' said Alice.
'I mean what I say,' the Mock Turtle replied in an offended tone. And
the Gryphon added 'Come, let's hear some of YOUR adventures.'
'I could tell you my adventures--beginning from this morning,' said
Alice a little timidly: 'but it's no use going back to yesterday,
because I was a different person then.'
'Explain all that,' said the Mock Turtle.
'No, no! The adventures first,' said the Gryphon in an impatient tone:
'explanations take such a dreadful time.'
So Alice began telling them her adventures from the time when she first
saw the White Rabbit. She was a little nervous about it just at first,
the two creatures got so close to her, one on each side, and opened
their eyes and mouths so VERY wide, but she gained courage as she went
on. Her listeners were perfectly quiet till she got to the part about
her repeating 'YOU ARE OLD, FATHER WILLIAM,' to the Caterpillar, and the
words all coming different, and then the Mock Turtle drew a long breath,
and said 'That's very curious.'
'It's all about as curious as it can be,' said the Gryphon.
'It all came different!' the Mock Turtle repeated thoughtfully. 'I
should like to hear her try and repeat something now. Tell her to
begin.' He looked at the Gryphon as if he thought it had some kind of
authority over Alice.
'Stand up and repeat "'TIS THE VOICE OF THE SLUGGARD,"' said the
Gryphon.
'How the creatures order one about, and make one repeat lessons!'
thought Alice; 'I might as well be at school at once.' However, she
got up, and began to repeat it, but her head was so full of the Lobster
Quadrille, that she hardly knew what she was saying, and the words came
very queer indeed:--
''Tis the voice of the Lobster; I heard him declare,
"You have baked me too brown, I must sugar my hair."
As a duck with its eyelids, so he with his nose
Trims his belt and his buttons, and turns out his toes.'
[later editions continued as follows
When the sands are all dry, he is gay as a lark,
And will talk in contemptuous tones of the Shark,
But, when the tide rises and sharks are around,
His voice has a timid and tremulous sound.]
'That's different from what I used to say when I was a child,' said the
Gryphon.
'Well, I never heard it before,' said the Mock Turtle; 'but it sounds
uncommon nonsense.'
Alice said nothing; she had sat down with her face in her hands,
wondering if anything would EVER happen in a natural way again.
'I should like to have it explained,' said the Mock Turtle.
'She can't explain it,' said the Gryphon hastily. 'Go on with the next
verse.'
'But about his toes?' the Mock Turtle persisted. 'How COULD he turn them
out with his nose, you know?'
'It's the first position in dancing.' Alice said; but was dreadfully
puzzled by the whole thing, and longed to change the subject.
'Go on with the next verse,' the Gryphon repeated impatiently: 'it
begins "I passed by his garden."'
Alice did not dare to disobey, though she felt sure it would all come
wrong, and she went on in a trembling voice:--
'I passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye,
How the Owl and the Panther were sharing a pie--'
[later editions continued as follows
The Panther took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat,
While the Owl had the dish as its share of the treat.
When the pie was all finished, the Owl, as a boon,
Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon:
While the Panther received knife and fork with a growl,
And concluded the banquet--]
'What IS the use of repeating all that stuff,' the Mock Turtle
interrupted, 'if you don't explain it as you go on? It's by far the most
confusing thing I ever heard!'
'Yes, I think you'd better leave off,' said the Gryphon: and Alice was
only too glad to do so.
'Shall we try another figure of the Lobster Quadrille?' the Gryphon went
on. 'Or would you like the Mock Turtle to sing you a song?'
'Oh, a song, please, if the Mock Turtle would be so kind,' Alice
replied, so eagerly that the Gryphon said, in a rather offended tone,
'Hm! No accounting for tastes! Sing her "Turtle Soup," will you, old
fellow?'
The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and began, in a voice sometimes choked
with sobs, to sing this:--
'Beautiful Soup, so rich and green,
Waiting in a hot tureen!
Who for such dainties would not stoop?
Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup!
Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup!
Beau--ootiful Soo--oop!
Beau--ootiful Soo--oop!
Soo--oop of the e--e--evening,
Beautiful, beautiful Soup!
'Beautiful Soup! Who cares for fish,
Game, or any other dish?
Who would not give all else for two
Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup?
Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup?
Beau--ootiful Soo--oop!
Beau--ootiful Soo--oop!
Soo--oop of the e--e--evening,
Beautiful, beauti--FUL SOUP!'
'Chorus again!' cried the Gryphon, and the Mock Turtle had just begun
to repeat it, when a cry of 'The trial's beginning!' was heard in the
distance.
'Come on!' cried the Gryphon, and, taking Alice by the hand, it hurried
off, without waiting for the end of the song.
'What trial is it?' Alice panted as she ran; but the Gryphon only
answered 'Come on!' and ran the faster, while more and more faintly
came, carried on the breeze that followed them, the melancholy words:--
'Soo--oop of the e--e--evening,
Beautiful, beautiful Soup!'
CHAPTER XI. Who Stole the Tarts?
The King and Queen of Hearts were seated on their throne when they
arrived, with a great crowd assembled about them--all sorts of little
birds and beasts, as well as the whole pack of cards: the Knave was
standing before them, in chains, with a soldier on each side to guard
him; and near the King was the White Rabbit, with a trumpet in one hand,
and a scroll of parchment in the other. In the very middle of the court
was a table, with a large dish of tarts upon it: they looked so good,
that it made Alice quite hungry to look at them--'I wish they'd get the
trial done,' she thought, 'and hand round the refreshments!' But there
seemed to be no chance of this, so she began looking at everything about
her, to pass away the time.
Alice had never been in a court of justice before, but she had read
about them in books, and she was quite pleased to find that she knew
the name of nearly everything there. 'That's the judge,' she said to
herself, 'because of his great wig.'
The judge, by the way, was the King; and as he wore his crown over the
wig, (look at the frontispiece if you want to see how he did it,) he did
not look at all comfortable, and it was certainly not becoming.
'And that's the jury-box,' thought Alice, 'and those twelve creatures,'
(she was obliged to say 'creatures,' you see, because some of them were
animals, and some were birds,) 'I suppose they are the jurors.' She said
this last word two or three times over to herself, being rather proud of
it: for she thought, and rightly too, that very few little girls of her
age knew the meaning of it at all. However, 'jury-men' would have done
just as well.
The twelve jurors were all writing very busily on slates. 'What are they
doing?' Alice whispered to the Gryphon. 'They can't have anything to put
down yet, before the trial's begun.'
'They're putting down their names,' the Gryphon whispered in reply, 'for
fear they should forget them before the end of the trial.'
'Stupid things!' Alice began in a loud, indignant voice, but she stopped
hastily, for the White Rabbit cried out, 'Silence in the court!' and the
King put on his spectacles and looked anxiously round, to make out who
was talking.
Alice could see, as well as if she were looking over their shoulders,
that all the jurors were writing down 'stupid things!' on their slates,
and she could even make out that one of them didn't know how to spell
'stupid,' and that he had to ask his neighbour to tell him. 'A nice
muddle their slates'll be in before the trial's over!' thought Alice.
One of the jurors had a pencil that squeaked. This of course, Alice
could not stand, and she went round the court and got behind him, and
very soon found an opportunity of taking it away. She did it so quickly
that the poor little juror (it was Bill, the Lizard) could not make out
at all what had become of it; so, after hunting all about for it, he was
obliged to write with one finger for the rest of the day; and this was
of very little use, as it left no mark on the slate.
'Herald, read the accusation!' said the King.
On this the White Rabbit blew three blasts on the trumpet, and then
unrolled the parchment scroll, and read as follows:--
'The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts,
All on a summer day:
The Knave of Hearts, he stole those tarts,
And took them quite away!'
'Consider your verdict,' the King said to the jury.
'Not yet, not yet!' the Rabbit hastily interrupted. 'There's a great
deal to come before that!'
'Call the first witness,' said the King; and the White Rabbit blew three
blasts on the trumpet, and called out, 'First witness!'
The first witness was the Hatter. He came in with a teacup in one
hand and a piece of bread-and-butter in the other. 'I beg pardon, your
Majesty,' he began, 'for bringing these in: but I hadn't quite finished
my tea when I was sent for.'
'You ought to have finished,' said the King. 'When did you begin?'
The Hatter looked at the March Hare, who had followed him into the
court, arm-in-arm with the Dormouse. 'Fourteenth of March, I think it
was,' he said.
'Fifteenth,' said the March Hare.
'Sixteenth,' added the Dormouse.
'Write that down,' the King said to the jury, and the jury eagerly
wrote down all three dates on their slates, and then added them up, and
reduced the answer to shillings and pence.
'Take off your hat,' the King said to the Hatter.
'It isn't mine,' said the Hatter.
'Stolen!' the King exclaimed, turning to the jury, who instantly made a
memorandum of the fact.
'I keep them to sell,' the Hatter added as an explanation; 'I've none of
my own. I'm a hatter.'
Here the Queen put on her spectacles, and began staring at the Hatter,
who turned pale and fidgeted.
'Give your evidence,' said the King; 'and don't be nervous, or I'll have
you executed on the spot.'
This did not seem to encourage the witness at all: he kept shifting
from one foot to the other, looking uneasily at the Queen, and in
his confusion he bit a large piece out of his teacup instead of the
bread-and-butter.
Just at this moment Alice felt a very curious sensation, which puzzled
her a good deal until she made out what it was: she was beginning to
grow larger again, and she thought at first she would get up and leave
the court; but on second thoughts she decided to remain where she was as
long as there was room for her.
'I wish you wouldn't squeeze so.' said the Dormouse, who was sitting
next to her. 'I can hardly breathe.'
'I can't help it,' said Alice very meekly: 'I'm growing.'
'You've no right to grow here,' said the Dormouse.
'Don't talk nonsense,' said Alice more boldly: 'you know you're growing
too.'
'Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,' said the Dormouse: 'not in that
ridiculous fashion.' And he got up very sulkily and crossed over to the
other side of the court.
All this time the Queen had never left off staring at the Hatter, and,
just as the Dormouse crossed the court, she said to one of the officers
of the court, 'Bring me the list of the singers in the last concert!' on
which the wretched Hatter trembled so, that he shook both his shoes off.
'Give your evidence,' the King repeated angrily, 'or I'll have you
executed, whether you're nervous or not.'
'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' the Hatter began, in a trembling voice,
'--and I hadn't begun my tea--not above a week or so--and what with the
bread-and-butter getting so thin--and the twinkling of the tea--'
'The twinkling of the what?' said the King.
'It began with the tea,' the Hatter replied.
'Of course twinkling begins with a T!' said the King sharply. 'Do you
take me for a dunce? Go on!'
'I'm a poor man,' the Hatter went on, 'and most things twinkled after
that--only the March Hare said--'
'I didn't!' the March Hare interrupted in a great hurry.
'You did!' said the Hatter.
'I deny it!' said the March Hare.
'He denies it,' said the King: 'leave out that part.'
'Well, at any rate, the Dormouse said--' the Hatter went on, looking
anxiously round to see if he would deny it too: but the Dormouse denied
nothing, being fast asleep.
'After that,' continued the Hatter, 'I cut some more bread-and-butter--'
'But what did the Dormouse say?' one of the jury asked.
'That I can't remember,' said the Hatter.
'You MUST remember,' remarked the King, 'or I'll have you executed.'
The miserable Hatter dropped his teacup and bread-and-butter, and went
down on one knee. 'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' he began.
'You're a very poor speaker,' said the King.
Here one of the guinea-pigs cheered, and was immediately suppressed by
the officers of the court. (As that is rather a hard word, I will just
explain to you how it was done. They had a large canvas bag, which tied
up at the mouth with strings: into this they slipped the guinea-pig,
head first, and then sat upon it.)
'I'm glad I've seen that done,' thought Alice. 'I've so often read
in the newspapers, at the end of trials, "There was some attempts
at applause, which was immediately suppressed by the officers of the
court," and I never understood what it meant till now.'
'If that's all you know about it, you may stand down,' continued the
King.
'I can't go no lower,' said the Hatter: 'I'm on the floor, as it is.'
'Then you may SIT down,' the King replied.
Here the other guinea-pig cheered, and was suppressed.
'Come, that finished the guinea-pigs!' thought Alice. 'Now we shall get
on better.'
'I'd rather finish my tea,' said the Hatter, with an anxious look at the
Queen, who was reading the list of singers.
'You may go,' said the King, and the Hatter hurriedly left the court,
without even waiting to put his shoes on.
'--and just take his head off outside,' the Queen added to one of the
officers: but the Hatter was out of sight before the officer could get
to the door.
'Call the next witness!' said the King.
The next witness was the Duchess's cook. She carried the pepper-box in
her hand, and Alice guessed who it was, even before she got into the
court, by the way the people near the door began sneezing all at once.
'Give your evidence,' said the King.
'Shan't,' said the cook.
The King looked anxiously at the White Rabbit, who said in a low voice,
'Your Majesty must cross-examine THIS witness.'
'Well, if I must, I must,' the King said, with a melancholy air, and,
after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till his eyes were
nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, 'What are tarts made of?'
'Pepper, mostly,' said the cook.
'Treacle,' said a sleepy voice behind her.
'Collar that Dormouse,' the Queen shrieked out. 'Behead that Dormouse!
Turn that Dormouse out of court! Suppress him! Pinch him! Off with his
whiskers!'
For some minutes the whole court was in confusion, getting the Dormouse
turned out, and, by the time they had settled down again, the cook had
disappeared.
'Never mind!' said the King, with an air of great relief. 'Call the next
witness.' And he added in an undertone to the Queen, 'Really, my dear,
YOU must cross-examine the next witness. It quite makes my forehead
ache!'
Alice watched the White Rabbit as he fumbled over the list, feeling very
curious to see what the next witness would be like, '--for they haven't
got much evidence YET,' she said to herself. Imagine her surprise, when
the White Rabbit read out, at the top of his shrill little voice, the
name 'Alice!'
CHAPTER XII. Alice's Evidence
'Here!' cried Alice, quite forgetting in the flurry of the moment how
large she had grown in the last few minutes, and she jumped up in such
a hurry that she tipped over the jury-box with the edge of her skirt,
upsetting all the jurymen on to the heads of the crowd below, and there
they lay sprawling about, reminding her very much of a globe of goldfish
she had accidentally upset the week before.
'Oh, I BEG your pardon!' she exclaimed in a tone of great dismay, and
began picking them up again as quickly as she could, for the accident of
the goldfish kept running in her head, and she had a vague sort of idea
that they must be collected at once and put back into the jury-box, or
they would die.
'The trial cannot proceed,' said the King in a very grave voice, 'until
all the jurymen are back in their proper places--ALL,' he repeated with
great emphasis, looking hard at Alice as he said do.
Alice looked at the jury-box, and saw that, in her haste, she had put
the Lizard in head downwards, and the poor little thing was waving its
tail about in a melancholy way, being quite unable to move. She soon got
it out again, and put it right; 'not that it signifies much,' she said
to herself; 'I should think it would be QUITE as much use in the trial
one way up as the other.'
As soon as the jury had a little recovered from the shock of being
upset, and their slates and pencils had been found and handed back to
them, they set to work very diligently to write out a history of the
accident, all except the Lizard, who seemed too much overcome to do
anything but sit with its mouth open, gazing up into the roof of the
court.
'What do you know about this business?' the King said to Alice.
'Nothing,' said Alice.
'Nothing WHATEVER?' persisted the King.
'Nothing whatever,' said Alice.
'That's very important,' the King said, turning to the jury. They were
just beginning to write this down on their slates, when the White Rabbit
interrupted: 'UNimportant, your Majesty means, of course,' he said in a
very respectful tone, but frowning and making faces at him as he spoke.
'UNimportant, of course, I meant,' the King hastily said, and went on
to himself in an undertone,
'important--unimportant--unimportant--important--' as if he were trying
which word sounded best.
Some of the jury wrote it down 'important,' and some 'unimportant.'
Alice could see this, as she was near enough to look over their slates;
'but it doesn't matter a bit,' she thought to herself.
At this moment the King, who had been for some time busily writing in
his note-book, cackled out 'Silence!' and read out from his book, 'Rule
Forty-two. ALL PERSONS MORE THAN A MILE HIGH TO LEAVE THE COURT.'
Everybody looked at Alice.
'I'M not a mile high,' said Alice.
'You are,' said the King.
'Nearly two miles high,' added the Queen.
'Well, I shan't go, at any rate,' said Alice: 'besides, that's not a
regular rule: you invented it just now.'
'It's the oldest rule in the book,' said the King.
'Then it ought to be Number One,' said Alice.
The King turned pale, and shut his note-book hastily. 'Consider your
verdict,' he said to the jury, in a low, trembling voice.
'There's more evidence to come yet, please your Majesty,' said the White
Rabbit, jumping up in a great hurry; 'this paper has just been picked
up.'
'What's in it?' said the Queen.
'I haven't opened it yet,' said the White Rabbit, 'but it seems to be a
letter, written by the prisoner to--to somebody.'
'It must have been that,' said the King, 'unless it was written to
nobody, which isn't usual, you know.'
'Who is it directed to?' said one of the jurymen.
'It isn't directed at all,' said the White Rabbit; 'in fact, there's
nothing written on the OUTSIDE.' He unfolded the paper as he spoke, and
added 'It isn't a letter, after all: it's a set of verses.'
'Are they in the prisoner's handwriting?' asked another of the jurymen.
'No, they're not,' said the White Rabbit, 'and that's the queerest thing
about it.' (The jury all looked puzzled.)
'He must have imitated somebody else's hand,' said the King. (The jury
all brightened up again.)
'Please your Majesty,' said the Knave, 'I didn't write it, and they
can't prove I did: there's no name signed at the end.'
'If you didn't sign it,' said the King, 'that only makes the matter
worse. You MUST have meant some mischief, or else you'd have signed your
name like an honest man.'
There was a general clapping of hands at this: it was the first really
clever thing the King had said that day.
'That PROVES his guilt,' said the Queen.
'It proves nothing of the sort!' said Alice. 'Why, you don't even know
what they're about!'
'Read them,' said the King.
The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. 'Where shall I begin, please
your Majesty?' he asked.
'Begin at the beginning,' the King said gravely, 'and go on till you
come to the end: then stop.'
These were the verses the White Rabbit read:--
'They told me you had been to her,
And mentioned me to him:
She gave me a good character,
But said I could not swim.
He sent them word I had not gone
(We know it to be true):
If she should push the matter on,
What would become of you?
I gave her one, they gave him two,
You gave us three or more;
They all returned from him to you,
Though they were mine before.
If I or she should chance to be
Involved in this affair,
He trusts to you to set them free,
Exactly as we were.
My notion was that you had been
(Before she had this fit)
An obstacle that came between
Him, and ourselves, and it.
Don't let him know she liked them best,
For this must ever be
A secret, kept from all the rest,
Between yourself and me.'
'That's the most important piece of evidence we've heard yet,' said the
King, rubbing his hands; 'so now let the jury--'
'If any one of them can explain it,' said Alice, (she had grown so large
in the last few minutes that she wasn't a bit afraid of interrupting
him,) 'I'll give him sixpence. _I_ don't believe there's an atom of
meaning in it.'
The jury all wrote down on their slates, 'SHE doesn't believe there's an
atom of meaning in it,' but none of them attempted to explain the paper.
'If there's no meaning in it,' said the King, 'that saves a world of
trouble, you know, as we needn't try to find any. And yet I don't know,'
he went on, spreading out the verses on his knee, and looking at them
with one eye; 'I seem to see some meaning in them, after all. "--SAID
I COULD NOT SWIM--" you can't swim, can you?' he added, turning to the
Knave.
The Knave shook his head sadly. 'Do I look like it?' he said. (Which he
certainly did NOT, being made entirely of cardboard.)
'All right, so far,' said the King, and he went on muttering over
the verses to himself: '"WE KNOW IT TO BE TRUE--" that's the jury, of
course--"I GAVE HER ONE, THEY GAVE HIM TWO--" why, that must be what he
did with the tarts, you know--'
'But, it goes on "THEY ALL RETURNED FROM HIM TO YOU,"' said Alice.
'Why, there they are!' said the King triumphantly, pointing to the tarts
on the table. 'Nothing can be clearer than THAT. Then again--"BEFORE SHE
HAD THIS FIT--" you never had fits, my dear, I think?' he said to the
Queen.
'Never!' said the Queen furiously, throwing an inkstand at the Lizard
as she spoke. (The unfortunate little Bill had left off writing on his
slate with one finger, as he found it made no mark; but he now hastily
began again, using the ink, that was trickling down his face, as long as
it lasted.)
'Then the words don't FIT you,' said the King, looking round the court
with a smile. There was a dead silence.
'It's a pun!' the King added in an offended tone, and everybody laughed,
'Let the jury consider their verdict,' the King said, for about the
twentieth time that day.
'No, no!' said the Queen. 'Sentence first--verdict afterwards.'
'Stuff and nonsense!' said Alice loudly. 'The idea of having the
sentence first!'
'Hold your tongue!' said the Queen, turning purple.
'I won't!' said Alice.
'Off with her head!' the Queen shouted at the top of her voice. Nobody
moved.
'Who cares for you?' said Alice, (she had grown to her full size by this
time.) 'You're nothing but a pack of cards!'
At this the whole pack rose up into the air, and came flying down upon
her: she gave a little scream, half of fright and half of anger, and
tried to beat them off, and found herself lying on the bank, with her
head in the lap of her sister, who was gently brushing away some dead
leaves that had fluttered down from the trees upon her face.
'Wake up, Alice dear!' said her sister; 'Why, what a long sleep you've
had!'
'Oh, I've had such a curious dream!' said Alice, and she told her
sister, as well as she could remember them, all these strange Adventures
of hers that you have just been reading about; and when she had
finished, her sister kissed her, and said, 'It WAS a curious dream,
dear, certainly: but now run in to your tea; it's getting late.' So
Alice got up and ran off, thinking while she ran, as well she might,
what a wonderful dream it had been.
But her sister sat still just as she left her, leaning her head on her
hand, watching the setting sun, and thinking of little Alice and all her
wonderful Adventures, till she too began dreaming after a fashion, and
this was her dream:--
First, she dreamed of little Alice herself, and once again the tiny
hands were clasped upon her knee, and the bright eager eyes were looking
up into hers--she could hear the very tones of her voice, and see that
queer little toss of her head to keep back the wandering hair that
WOULD always get into her eyes--and still as she listened, or seemed to
listen, the whole place around her became alive with the strange creatures
of her little sister's dream.
The long grass rustled at her feet as the White Rabbit hurried by--the
frightened Mouse splashed his way through the neighbouring pool--she
could hear the rattle of the teacups as the March Hare and his friends
shared their never-ending meal, and the shrill voice of the Queen
ordering off her unfortunate guests to execution--once more the pig-baby
was sneezing on the Duchess's knee, while plates and dishes crashed
around it--once more the shriek of the Gryphon, the squeaking of the
Lizard's slate-pencil, and the choking of the suppressed guinea-pigs,
filled the air, mixed up with the distant sobs of the miserable Mock
Turtle.
So she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in
Wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and all
would change to dull reality--the grass would be only rustling in the
wind, and the pool rippling to the waving of the reeds--the rattling
teacups would change to tinkling sheep-bells, and the Queen's shrill
cries to the voice of the shepherd boy--and the sneeze of the baby, the
shriek of the Gryphon, and all the other queer noises, would change (she
knew) to the confused clamour of the busy farm-yard--while the lowing
of the cattle in the distance would take the place of the Mock Turtle's
heavy sobs.
Lastly, she pictured to herself how this same little sister of hers
would, in the after-time, be herself a grown woman; and how she would
keep, through all her riper years, the simple and loving heart of her
childhood: and how she would gather about her other little children, and
make THEIR eyes bright and eager with many a strange tale, perhaps even
with the dream of Wonderland of long ago: and how she would feel with
all their simple sorrows, and find a pleasure in all their simple joys,
remembering her own child-life, and the happy summer days.
THE END
End of Project Gutenberg’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll
** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND **
from PIL import Image #이미지에서 마스킹 데이터를 뽑아낸다.
#STOPWORDS => 불용어(워드클라우드로 작성할 단어에서 제외할 단어)
from wordcloud import STOPWORDS
#워드클라우드 모양으로 사용할 이미지를 읽어 넘파이 배열로 저장한다.
mask = np.array(Image.open('./data/alice_mask.png'))
mask
array([[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
...,
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255]], dtype=uint8)
#불용어를 처리한다.
#set() => 중복되는 데이터는 무시한다.
stopwords = set(STOPWORDS)
print(type(stopwords))
stopwords
<class 'set'>
{'a',
'about',
'above',
'after',
'again',
'against',
'all',
'also',
'am',
'an',
'and',
'any',
'are',
"aren't",
'as',
'at',
'be',
'because',
'been',
'before',
'being',
'below',
'between',
'both',
'but',
'by',
'can',
"can't",
'cannot',
'com',
'could',
"couldn't",
'did',
"didn't",
'do',
'does',
"doesn't",
'doing',
"don't",
'down',
'during',
'each',
'else',
'ever',
'few',
'for',
'from',
'further',
'get',
'had',
"hadn't",
'has',
"hasn't",
'have',
"haven't",
'having',
'he',
"he'd",
"he'll",
"he's",
'hence',
'her',
'here',
"here's",
'hers',
'herself',
'him',
'himself',
'his',
'how',
"how's",
'however',
'http',
'i',
"i'd",
"i'll",
"i'm",
"i've",
'if',
'in',
'into',
'is',
"isn't",
'it',
"it's",
'its',
'itself',
'just',
'k',
"let's",
'like',
'me',
'more',
'most',
"mustn't",
'my',
'myself',
'no',
'nor',
'not',
'of',
'off',
'on',
'once',
'only',
'or',
'other',
'otherwise',
'ought',
'our',
'ours',
'ourselves',
'out',
'over',
'own',
'r',
'same',
'shall',
"shan't",
'she',
"she'd",
"she'll",
"she's",
'should',
"shouldn't",
'since',
'so',
'some',
'such',
'than',
'that',
"that's",
'the',
'their',
'theirs',
'them',
'themselves',
'then',
'there',
"there's",
'therefore',
'these',
'they',
"they'd",
"they'll",
"they're",
"they've",
'this',
'those',
'through',
'to',
'too',
'under',
'until',
'up',
'very',
'was',
"wasn't",
'we',
"we'd",
"we'll",
"we're",
"we've",
'were',
"weren't",
'what',
"what's",
'when',
"when's",
'where',
"where's",
'which',
'while',
'who',
"who's",
'whom',
'why',
"why's",
'with',
"won't",
'would',
"wouldn't",
'www',
'you',
"you'd",
"you'll",
"you're",
"you've",
'your',
'yours',
'yourself',
'yourselves'}
#불용어를 추가한다.
stopwords.add('said')
stopwords
{'a',
'about',
'above',
'after',
'again',
'against',
'all',
'also',
'am',
'an',
'and',
'any',
'are',
"aren't",
'as',
'at',
'be',
'because',
'been',
'before',
'being',
'below',
'between',
'both',
'but',
'by',
'can',
"can't",
'cannot',
'com',
'could',
"couldn't",
'did',
"didn't",
'do',
'does',
"doesn't",
'doing',
"don't",
'down',
'during',
'each',
'else',
'ever',
'few',
'for',
'from',
'further',
'get',
'had',
"hadn't",
'has',
"hasn't",
'have',
"haven't",
'having',
'he',
"he'd",
"he'll",
"he's",
'hence',
'her',
'here',
"here's",
'hers',
'herself',
'him',
'himself',
'his',
'how',
"how's",
'however',
'http',
'i',
"i'd",
"i'll",
"i'm",
"i've",
'if',
'in',
'into',
'is',
"isn't",
'it',
"it's",
'its',
'itself',
'just',
'k',
"let's",
'like',
'me',
'more',
'most',
"mustn't",
'my',
'myself',
'no',
'nor',
'not',
'of',
'off',
'on',
'once',
'only',
'or',
'other',
'otherwise',
'ought',
'our',
'ours',
'ourselves',
'out',
'over',
'own',
'r',
'said',
'same',
'shall',
"shan't",
'she',
"she'd",
"she'll",
"she's",
'should',
"shouldn't",
'since',
'so',
'some',
'such',
'than',
'that',
"that's",
'the',
'their',
'theirs',
'them',
'themselves',
'then',
'there',
"there's",
'therefore',
'these',
'they',
"they'd",
"they'll",
"they're",
"they've",
'this',
'those',
'through',
'to',
'too',
'under',
'until',
'up',
'very',
'was',
"wasn't",
'we',
"we'd",
"we'll",
"we're",
"we've",
'were',
"weren't",
'what',
"what's",
'when',
"when's",
'where',
"where's",
'which',
'while',
'who',
"who's",
'whom',
'why',
"why's",
'with',
"won't",
'would',
"wouldn't",
'www',
'you',
"you'd",
"you'll",
"you're",
"you've",
'your',
'yours',
'yourself',
'yourselves'}
#불용어를 제거한다.
stopwords.remove('said')
stopwods
{'a',
'about',
'above',
'after',
'again',
'against',
'all',
'also',
'am',
'an',
'and',
'any',
'are',
"aren't",
'as',
'at',
'be',
'because',
'been',
'before',
'being',
'below',
'between',
'both',
'but',
'by',
'can',
"can't",
'cannot',
'com',
'could',
"couldn't",
'did',
"didn't",
'do',
'does',
"doesn't",
'doing',
"don't",
'down',
'during',
'each',
'else',
'ever',
'few',
'for',
'from',
'further',
'get',
'had',
"hadn't",
'has',
"hasn't",
'have',
"haven't",
'having',
'he',
"he'd",
"he'll",
"he's",
'hence',
'her',
'here',
"here's",
'hers',
'herself',
'him',
'himself',
'his',
'how',
"how's",
'however',
'http',
'i',
"i'd",
"i'll",
"i'm",
"i've",
'if',
'in',
'into',
'is',
"isn't",
'it',
"it's",
'its',
'itself',
'just',
'k',
"let's",
'like',
'me',
'more',
'most',
"mustn't",
'my',
'myself',
'no',
'nor',
'not',
'of',
'off',
'on',
'once',
'only',
'or',
'other',
'otherwise',
'ought',
'our',
'ours',
'ourselves',
'out',
'over',
'own',
'r',
'same',
'shall',
"shan't",
'she',
"she'd",
"she'll",
"she's",
'should',
"shouldn't",
'since',
'so',
'some',
'such',
'than',
'that',
"that's",
'the',
'their',
'theirs',
'them',
'themselves',
'then',
'there',
"there's",
'therefore',
'these',
'they',
"they'd",
"they'll",
"they're",
"they've",
'this',
'those',
'through',
'to',
'too',
'under',
'until',
'up',
'very',
'was',
"wasn't",
'we',
"we'd",
"we'll",
"we're",
"we've",
'were',
"weren't",
'what',
"what's",
'when',
"when's",
'where',
"where's",
'which',
'while',
'who',
"who's",
'whom',
'why',
"why's",
'with',
"won't",
'would',
"wouldn't",
'www',
'you',
"you'd",
"you'll",
"you're",
"you've",
'your',
'yours',
'yourself',
'yourselves'}
#워드클라우드 설정 및 생성
#background_color 속성으로 워드클라우드 배경색을 지정한다.
#stopwords속성으로 불용어를 지정한다.
#mask속성으로 워드클라우드 모양으로 사용할 마스크를 지정한다.
#워드클라우드 설정
#stopwords = set(STOPWORDS)
#mask = np.array(Image.open('./data/alice_mask.png'))
wc = WordCloud(background_color='white', max_words=2000,
stopwords=stopwords, mask=mask)
#워드클라우드 생성
wordcloud = wc.generate(text)
#워드클라우드를 표시한다.
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
import random
#워드클라우드를 그레이톤으로 표시하는 함수를 만든다.
#=>recolor()함수의 color_func 속성에 지정한다.
#word => 워드클라우드로 표시할 단어
#font_size => 워드클라우드로 표시할 단어의 크기
#position => 워드클라우드로 표시할 단어의 위치
#orientation => 워드클라우드로 표시할 단어의 방향
#hwargs => 워드클라우드로 표시할 단어에 적용할 글꼴
#random_state
#=>정수 값을 입력하면 숫자를 random하게 생성할때 사용되는 seed 숫자로 사용
def gray_color_func(word, font_size, position, orientation, random_state=None, **hwargs):
#print(word, font_size, position,orientation, hwargs)
#색상(hue), 채도(saturation, %로 인식), 명도(lightness)(%로 인식)
#''안에서 %표현시 %%로 한다.
return 'hsl(0,0%%,%d%%)' % random.randint(0, 100)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud.recolor(color_func=gray_color_func, random_state=3), interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
text = open('./data/a_new_hope.txt').read()
print(text)
STAR WARS
Episode IV
A NEW HOPE
From the
JOURNAL OF THE WHILLS
by
George Lucas
Revised Fourth Draft
January 15, 1976
LUCASFILM LTD
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far, away...
A vast sea of stars serves as the backdrop for the main title.
War drums echo through the heavens as a rollup slowly crawls
into infinity.
It is a period of civil war. Rebel spaceships,
striking from a hidden base, have won their first
victory against the evil Galactic Empire.
During the battle, Rebel spies managed to steal
secret plans to the Empire's ultimate weapon, the
Death Star, an armored space station with enough
power to destroy an entire planet.
Pursued by the Empire's sinister agents, Princess
Leia races home aboard her starship, custodian of
the stolen plans that can save her people and
restore freedom to the galaxy...
The awesome yellow planet of Tatooine emerges from a total
eclipse, her two moons glowing against the darkness. A tiny
silver spacecraft, a Rebel Blockade Runner firing lasers
from the back of the ship, races through space. It is pursed
by a giant Imperial Stardestroyer. Hundreds of deadly
laserbolts streak from the Imperial Stardestroyer, causing
the main solar fin of the Rebel craft to disintegrate.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - MAIN PASSAGEWAY
An explosion rocks the ship as two robots, Artoo-Detoo (R2-
D2) and See-Threepio (C-3PO) struggle to make their way
through the shaking, bouncing passageway. Both robots are
old and battered. Artoo is a short, claw-armed tripod. His
face is a mass of computer lights surrounding a radar eye.
Threepio, on the other hand, is a tall, slender robot of
human proportions. He has a gleaming bronze-like metallic
surface of an Art Deco design.
Another blast shakes them as they struggle along their way.
THREEPIO
Did you hear that? They've shut down
the main reactor. We'll be destroyed
for sure. This is madness!
Rebel troopers rush past the robots and take up positions in
the main passageway. They aim their weapons toward the door.
THREEPIO
We're doomed!
The little R2 unit makes a series of electronic sounds that
only another robot could understand.
THREEPIO
There'll be no escape for the Princess
this time.
Artoo continues making beeping sounds. Tension mounts as
loud metallic latches clank and the scream of heavy equipment
are heard moving around the outside hull of the ship.
THREEPIO
What's that?
EXT. SPACECRAFT IN SPACE
The Imperial craft has easily overtaken the Rebel Blockade
Runner. The smaller Rebel ship is being drawn into the
underside dock of the giant Imperial starship.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER
The nervous Rebel troopers aim their weapons. Suddenly a
tremendous blast opens up a hole in the main passageway and
a score of fearsome armored spacesuited stormtroopers make
their way into the smoke-filled corridor.
In a few minutes the entire passageway is ablaze with
laserfire. The deadly bolts ricochet in wild random patterns
creating huge explosions. Stormtroopers scatter and duck
behind storage lockers. Laserbolts hit several Rebel soldiers
who scream and stagger through the smoke, holding shattered
arms and faces.
An explosion hits near the robots.
THREEPIO
I should have known better than to
trust the logic of a half-sized
thermocapsulary dehousing assister...
Artoo counters with an angry rebuttal as the battle rages
around the two hapless robots.
EXT. TATOOINE - DESERT WASTELAND - DAY
A death-white wasteland stretches from horizon to horizon.
The tremendous heat of two huge twin suns settle on a lone
figure, Luke Skywalker, a farm boy with heroic aspirations
who looks much younger than his eighteen years. His shaggy
hair and baggy tunic give him the air of a simple but lovable
lad with a prize-winning smile.
A light wind whips at him as he adjusts several valves on a
large battered moisture vaporator which sticks out of the
desert floor much like an oil pipe with valves. He is aided
by a beatup tread-robot with six claw arms. The little robot
appears to be barely functioning and moves with jerky motions.
A bright sparkle in the morning sky catches Luke's eye and
he instinctively grabs a pair of electrobinoculars from his
utility belt. He stands transfixed for a few moments studying
the heavens, then dashed toward his dented, crudely repaired
Landspeeder (an auto-like transport that travels a few feet
above the ground on a magnetic-field). He motions for the
tiny robot to follow him.
LUKE
Hurry up! Come with me! What are you
waiting for?! Get in gear!
The robot scoots around in a tight circle, stops short, and
smoke begins to pour out of every joint. Luke throws his
arms up in disgust. Exasperated, the young farm boy jumps
into his Landspeeder leaving the smoldering robot to hum
madly.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - MAIN HALLWAY
The awesome, seven-foot-tall Dark Lord of the Sith makes his
way into the blinding light of the main passageway. This is
Darth Vader, right hand of the Emperor. His face is obscured
by his flowing black robes and grotesque breath mask, which
stands out next to the fascist white armored suits of the
Imperial stormtroopers. Everyone instinctively backs away
from the imposing warrior and a deathly quiet sweeps through
the Rebel troops. Several of the Rebel troops break and run
in a frenzied panic.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER
A woman's hand puts a card into an opening in Artoo's dome.
Artoo makes beeping sounds.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER
Threepio stands in a hallway, somewhat bewildered. Artoo is
nowhere in sight. The pitiful screams of the doomed Rebel
soldiers can be heard in the distance.
THREEPIO
Artoo! Artoo-Detoo, where are you?
A familiar clanking sound attacks Threepio's attention and
he spots little Artoo at the end of the hallway in a smoke-
filled alcove. A beautiful young girl (about sixteen years
old) stands in front of Artoo. Surreal and out of place,
dreamlike and half hidden in the smoke, she finishes adjusting
something on Artoo's computer face, then watches as the little
robot joins his companion.
THREEPIO
At last! Where have you been?
Stormtroopers can be heard battling in the distance.
THREEPIO
They're heading in this direction.
What are we going to do? We'll be
sent to the spice mine of Kessel or
smashed into who knows what!
Artoo scoots past his bronze friend and races down the
subhallway. Threepio chases after him.
THREEPIO
Wait a minute, where are you going?
Artoo responds with electronic beeps.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - CORRIDOR
The evil Darth Vader stands amid the broken and twisted bodies
of his foes. He grabs a wounded Rebel Officer by the neck as
an Imperial Officer rushes up to the Dark Lord.
IMPERIAL OFFICER
The Death Star plans are not in the
main computer.
Vader squeezes the neck of the Rebel Officer, who struggles
in vain.
VADER
Where are those transmissions you
intercepted?
Vader lifts the Rebel off his feet by his throat.
VADER
What have you done with those plans?
REBEL OFFICER
We intercepted no transmissions.
Aaah... This is a consular ship.
Were on a diplomatic mission.
VADER
If this is a consular ship... were
is the Ambassador?
The Rebel refuses to speak but eventually cries out as the
Dark Lord begins to squeeze the officer's throat, creating a
gruesome snapping and choking, until the soldier goes limp.
Vader tosses the dead soldier against the wall and turns to
his troops.
VADER
Commander, tear this ship apart until
you've found those plans and bring
me the Ambassador. I want her alive!
The stormtroopers scurry into the subhallways.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - SUBHALLWAY
The lovely young girl huddles in a small alcove as the
stormtroopers search through the ship. She is Princess Leia
Organa, a member of the Alderaan Senate. The fear in her
eyes slowly gives way to anger as the muted crushing sounds
of the approaching stormtroopers grow louder. One of the
troopers spots her.
TROOPER
There she is! Set for stun!
Leia steps from her hiding place and blasts a trooper with
her laser pistol. She starts to run but is felled by a
paralyzing ray. The troopers inspect her inert body.
TROOPER
She'll be all right. Inform Lord
Vader we have a prisoner.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - SUBHALLWAY
Artoo stops before the small hatch of an emergency lifepod.
He snaps the seal on the main latch and a red warning light
begins to flash. The stubby astro-robot works his way into
the cramped four-man pod.
THREEPIO
Hey, you're not permitted in there.
It's restricted. You'll be deactivated
for sure..
Artoo beeps something to him.
THREEPIO
Don't call me a mindless philosopher,
you overweight glob of grease! Now
come out before somebody sees you.
Artoo whistles something at his reluctant friend regarding
the mission he is about to perform.
THREEPIO
Secret mission? What plans? What are
you talking about? I'm not getting
in there!
Artoo isn't happy with Threepio's stubbornness, and he beeps
and twangs angrily.
A new explosion, this time very close, sends dust and debris
through the narrow subhallway. Flames lick at Threepio and,
after a flurry of electronic swearing from Artoo, the lanky
robot jumps into the lifepod.
THREEPIO
I'm going to regret this.
INT. IMPERIAL STARDESTROYER
On the main viewscreen, the lifepod carrying the two terrified
robots speeds away from the stricken Rebel spacecraft.
CHIEF PILOT
There goes another one.
CAPTAIN
Hold your fire. There are no life
forms. It must have been short-
circuited.
INT. LIFEPOD
Artoo and Threepio look out at the receding Imperial starship.
Stars circle as the pod rotates through the galaxy.
THREEPIO
That's funny, the damage doesn't
look as bad from out here.
Artoo beeps an assuring response.
THREEPIO
Are you sure this things safe?
EXT. TATOOINE - ANCHORHEAD SETTLEMENT - POWER STATION - DAY
Heat waves radiate from the dozen or so bleached white
buildings. Luke pilots his Landspeeder through the dusty
empty street of the tiny settlement. An old woman runs to
get out of the way of the speeding vehicle, shaking her fist
at Luke as he flies past.
WOMAN
I've told you kids to slow down!
INT. POWER STATION - DAY
Luke bursts into the power station, waking The Fixer, a rugged
mechanic and Camie, a sexy, disheveled girl who has been
asleep in his lap. They grumbled as he races through the
office, yelling wildly.
FIXER
Did I hear a young noise blast through
here?
CAMIE
It was just wormie on another rampage.
Luke bounces into a small room behind the office where Deak
and Windy, two tough boys about the same age as Luke, are
playing a computer pool-like game with Biggs, a burly,
handsome boy a few years older than the rest. His flashy
city attire is a sharp contrast to the loose-fitting tunics
of the farm boys. A robot repairs some equipment in the
background.
LUKE
Shape it up you guys!... Biggs?
Luke's surprise at the appearance of Biggs gives way to great
joy and emotion. They give each other a great bear hug.
LUKE
I didn't know you were back! When
did you get in?
BIGGS
Just now. I wanted to surprise you,
hot shot. I thought you'd be here...
certainly didn't expect you to be
out working.
(he laughs)
LUKE
The Academy didn't change you
much...but you're back so soon? Hey,
what happened, didn't you get your
commission?
Biggs has an air of cool that seems slightly phony.
BIGGS
Of course I got it. Signed aboard
The Rand Ecliptic last week. First
mate Biggs Darklighter at your
service...
(he salutes)
...I just came to say good-bye to
all you unfortunate landlocked
simpletons.
Everyone laughs. The dazzling spectacle of his dashing friend
is almost too much for Luke, but suddenly he snaps out of
it.
LUKE
I almost forgot. There's a battle
going on! Right here in our system.
Come and look!
DEAK
Not again! Forget it.
EXT. TATOOINE - ANCHORHEAD - SETTLEMENT - POWER STATION -
DAY
The group stumbles out into the stifling desert sun. Camie
and The Fixer complain and are forced to shade their eyes.
Luke has his binoculars out scanning the heavens.
LUKE
There they are!
Biggs takes the binoculars from Luke as the others strain to
see something with the naked eye. Through the binoculars
Biggs sees two small silver specks.
BIGGS
That's no battle, hot shot... they're
just sitting there! Probably a
freighter-tanker refueling.
LUKE
But there was a lot of firing
earlier...
Camie grabs the binoculars away banging them against the
building in the process. Luke grabs them.
LUKE
Hey, easy with those...
CAMIE
Don't worry about it, Wormie.
The Fixer gives Luke a hard look and the young farm boy shrugs
his shoulders in resignation.
FIXER
I keep telling you, the Rebellion is
a long way from here. I doubt if the
Empire would even fight to keep this
system. Believe me Luke, this planet
is a big hunk of nothing...
Luke agrees, although it's obvious he isn't sure why. The
group stumbles back into the power station, grumbling about
Luke's ineptitude.
INT. REBEL BLOCKADE RUNNER - HALLWAY
Princess Leia is led down a low-ceilinged hallway by a squad
of armored stormtroopers. Her hands are bound and she is
brutally shoved when she is unable to keep up with the briskly
marching troops. They stop in a smoky hallway as Darth Vader
emerges from the shadows. The sinister Dark Lord stares hard
at the frail young senator, but she doesn't move.
LEIA
Lord Vader, I should have known.
Only you could be so bold. The
Imperial Senate will not sit for
this, when they hear you've attacked
a diplomatic...
VADER
Don't play games with me, Your
Highness. You weren't on any mercy
mission this time. You passed directly
through a restricted system. Several
transmissions were beamed to this
ship by Rebel spies. I want to know
what happened to the plans they sent
you.
LEIA
I don't know what you're talking
about. I'm a member of the Imperial
Senate on a diplomatic mission to
Alderaan...
VADER
You're a part of the Rebel Alliance...
and a traitor. Take her away!
Leia is marched away down the hallway and into the smoldering
hole blasted in the side of the ship. An Imperial Commander
turns to Vader.
COMMANDER
Holding her is dangerous. If word of
this gets out, it could generate
sympathy for the Rebellion in the
senate.
VADER
I have traced the Rebel spies to
her. Now she is my only link to find
their secret base!
COMMANDER
She'll die before she tells you
anything.
VADER
Leave that to me. Send a distress
signal and then inform the senate
that all aboard were killed!
Another Imperial Officer approaches Vader and the Commander.
They stop and snap to attention.
SECOND OFFICER
Lord Vader, the battle station plans
are not aboard this ship! And no
transmissions were made. An escape
pod was jettisoned during the
fighting, but no life forms were
aboard.
Vader turns to the Commander.
VADER
She must have hidden the plans in
the escape pod. Send a detachment
down to retrieve them. See to it
personally, Commander. There'll be
no one to stop us this time.
COMMANDER
Yes, sir.
EXT. SPACE
The Imperial Stardestroyer comes over the surface of the
planet Tatooine.
EXT. TATOOINE - DESERT
Jundland, or "No Man's Land", where the rugged desert mesas
meet the foreboding dune sea. The two helpless astro-droids
kick up clouds of sand as they leave the lifepod and clumsily
work their way across the desert wasteland. The lifepod in
the distance rests half buried in the sand.
THREEPIO
How did I get into this mess? I really
don't know how. We seem to be made
to suffer. It's our lot in life.
Artoo answers with beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
I've got to rest before I fall apart.
My joints are almost frozen.
Artoo continues to respond with beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
What a desolate place this is.
Suddenly Artoo whistles, makes a sharp right turn and starts
off in the direction of the rocky desert mesas. Threepio
stops and yells at him.
THREEPIO
Where are you going?
A stream of electronic noises pours forth from the small
robot.
THREEPIO
Well, I'm not going that way. It's
much too rocky. This way is much
easier.
Artoo counters with a long whistle.
THREEPIO
What makes you think there are
settlements over there?
Artoo continues to make beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
Don't get technical with me.
Artoo continues to make beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
What mission? What are you talking
about? I've had just about enough of
you! Go that way! You'll be
malfunctioning within a day, you
nearsighted scrap pile!
Threepio gives the little robot a kick and starts off in the
direction of the vast dune sea.
THREEPIO
And don't let me catch you following
me begging for help, because you
won't get it.
Artoo's reply is a rather rude sound. He turns and trudges
off in the direction of the towering mesas.
THREEPIO
No more adventures. I'm not going
that way.
Artoo beeps to himself as he makes his way toward the distant
mountains.
EXT. TATOOINE - DUNE SEA
Threepio, hot and tired, struggles up over the ridge of a
dune; only to find more dunes, which seem to go on for endless
miles. He looks back in the direction of the now distant
rock mesas.
THREEPIO
That malfunctioning little twerp.
This is all his fault! He tricked me
into going this way, but he'll do no
better.
In a huff of anger and frustration, Threepio knocks the sand
from his joints. His plight seems hopeless, when a glint of
reflected light in the distance reveals an object moving
towards him.
THREEPIO
Wait, what's that? A transport! I'm
saved!
The bronze android waves frantically and yells at the
approaching transport.
THREEPIO
Over here! Help! Please, help!
EXT. TATOOINE - ANCHORHEAD SETTLEMENT - POWER STATION - DAY
Luke and Biggs are walking and drinking a malt brew. Fixer
and the others can be heard working inside.
LUKE
(Very animated)
...so I cut off my power, shut down
the afterburners and came in low on
Deak's trail. I was so close I thought
I was going to fry my instruments.
As it was I busted up the Skyhopper
pretty bad. Uncle Owen was pretty
upset. He grounded me for the rest
of the season. You should have been
there... it was fantastic.
BIGGS
You ought to take it easy Luke. You
may be the hottest bushpilot this
side of Mos Eisley, but those little
Skyhoppers are dangerous. Keep it
up, and one day, whammo, you're going
to be nothing more than a dark spot
on the down side of a canyon wall.
LUKE
Look who's talking. Now that you've
been around those giant starships
you're beginning to sound like my
uncle. You've gotten soft in the
city...
BIGGS
I've missed you kid.
LUKE
Well, things haven't been the same
since you left, Biggs. It's been
so... quiet.
Biggs looks around then leans close to Luke.
BIGGS
Luke, I didn't come back just to say
good-bye... I shouldn't tell you
this, but you're the only one I can
trust... and if I don't come back, I
want somebody to know.
Luke's eyes are wide with Biggs' seriousness and loyalty.
LUKE
What are you talking about?
BIGGS
I made some friends at the Academy.
(he whispers)
...when our frigate goes to one of
the central systems, we're going to
jump ship and join the Alliance...
Luke, amazed and stunned, is almost speechless.
LUKE
Join the Rebellion?! Are you kidding!
How?
BIGGS
Quiet down will ya! You got a mouth
bigger than a meteor crater!
LUKE
I'm sorry. I'm quiet.
(he whispers)
Listen how quiet I am. You can barely
hear me...
Biggs shakes his head angrily and then continues.
BIGGS
My friend has a friend on Bestine
who might help us make contact.
LUKE
You're crazy! You could wander around
forever trying to find them.
BIGGS
I know it's a long shot, but if I
don't find them I'll do what I can
on my own... It's what we always
talked about. Luke, I'm not going to
wait for the Empire to draft me into
service. The Rebellion is spreading
and I want to be on the right side --
the side I believe in.
LUKE
And I'm stuck here...
BIGGS
I thought you were going to the
Academy next term. You'll get your
chance to get off this rock.
LUKE
Not likely! I had to cancel my
application. There has been a lot of
unrest among the Sandpeople since
you left... they've even raided the
outskirts of Anchorhead.
BIGGS
Your uncle could hold off a whole
colony of Sandpeople with one blaster.
LUKE
I know, but he's got enough vaporators
going to make the place pay off. He
needs me for just one more season. I
can't leave him now.
BIGGS
I feel for you, Luke, you're going
to have to learn what seems to be
important or what really is important.
What good is all your uncle's work
if it's taken over by the Empire?...
You know they're starting to
nationalize commerce in the central
systems... it won't be long before
your uncle is merely a tenant, slaving
for the greater glory of the Empire.
LUKE
It couldn't happen here. You said it
yourself. The Empire won't bother
with this rock.
BIGGS
Things always change.
LUKE
I wish I was going... Are you going
to be around long?
BIGGS
No, I'm leaving in the morning...
LUKE
Then I guess I won't see you.
BIGGS
Maybe someday... I'll keep a lookout.
LUKE
Well, I'll be at the Academy next
season... after that who knows. I
won't be drafted into the Imperial
Starfleet that's for sure... Take
care of yourself, you'll always be
the best friend I've got.
BIGGS
So long, Luke.
Biggs turns away from his old friend and heads towards the
power station.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - SUNSET
The gargantuan rock formations are shrouded in a strange
foreboding mist and the onimous sounds of unearthly creatures
fill the air. Artoo moves cautiously through the creepy rock
canyon, inadvertently making a loud clicking noise as he
goes. He hears a distant, hard, metallic sound and stops for
a moment. Convinced he is alone, he continues on his way.
In the distance, a pebble tumbles down the steep canyon wall
and a small dark figure darts into the shadows. A little
further up the canyon a slight flicker of light reveals a
pair of eyes in the dark recesses only a few feet from the
narrow path.
The unsuspecting robot waddles along the rugged trail until
suddenly, out of nowhere, a powerful magnetic ray shoots out
of the rocks and engulfs him in an eerie glow. He manages
one short electronic squeak before he topples over onto his
back. His bright computer lights flicker off, then on, then
off again. Out of the rocks scurry three Jawas, no taller
than Artoo. They holster strange and complex weapons as they
cautiously approach the robot. They wear grubby cloaks and
their faces are shrouded so only their glowing eyes can be
seen. They hiss and make odd guttural sounds as they heave
the heavy robot onto their shoulders and carry him off down
the trail.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - SANDCRAWLER - SUNSET
The eight Jawas carry Artoo out of the canyon to a huge tank-
like vehicle the size of a four-story house. They weld a
small disk on the side of Artoo and then put him under a
large tube on the side of the vehicle and the little robot
is sucked into the giant machine.
The filthy little Jawas scurry like rats up small ladders
and enter the main cabin of the behemoth transport.
INT. SANDCRAWLER - HOLD AREA
It is dim inside the hold area of the Sandcrawler. Artoo
switches on a small floodlight on his forehead and stumbles
around the scrap heap. The narrow beam swings across rusty
metal rocket parts and an array of grotesquely twisted and
maimed astro-robots. He lets out a pathetic electronic whimper
and stumbles off toward what appears to be a door at the end
of the chamber.
INT. SANDCRAWLER - PRISON AREA
Artoo enters a wide room with a four-foot ceiling. In the
middle of the scrap heap sit a dozen or so robots of various
shapes and sizes. Some are engaged in electronic conversation,
while others simply mill about. A voice of recognition calls
out from the gloom.
THREEPIO
Artoo-Detoo! It's you! It's you!
A battered Threepio scrambles up to Artoo and embraces him.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - SANDCRAWLER - SUNSET
The enormous Sandcrawler lumbers off toward the magnificent
twin suns, which are slowly setting over a distant mountain
ridge.
EXT. TATOOINE - DESERT - DAY
Four Imperial stormtroopers mill about in front of the half-
buried lifepod that brought Artoo and Threepio to Tatooine.
A trooper yells to an officer some distance away.
FIRST TROOPER
Someone was in the pod. The tracks
go off in this direction.
A second trooper picks a small bit of metal out of the sand
and gives it to the first trooper.
SECOND TROOPER
Look, sir -- droids.
EXT. TATOOINE - DUNES
The Sandcrawler moves slowly down a great sand dune.
INT. SANDCRAWLER
Threepio and Artoo noisily bounce along inside the cramped
prison chamber. Artoo appears to be shut off.
THREEPIO
Wake up! Wake up!
Suddenly the shaking and bouncing of the Sandcrawler stops,
creating quite a commotion among the mechanical men.
Threepio's fist bangs the head of Artoo whose computer lights
pop on as he begins beeping. At the far end of the long
chamber a hatch opens, filling the chamber with blinding
white light. a dozen or so Jawas make their way through the
odd assortment of robots.
THREEPIO
We're doomed.
A Jawa starts moving toward them.
THREEPIO
Do you think they'll melt us down?
Artoo responds, making beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
Don't shoot! Don't shoot! Will this
never end?
EXT. TATOOINE - DESERT - LARS HOMESTEAD - AFTERNOON
The Jawas mutter gibberish as they busily line up their
battered captives, including Artoo and Threepio, in front of
the enormous Sandcrawler, which is parked beside a small
homestead consisting of three large holes in the ground
surrounded by several tall moisture vaporators and one small
adobe block house.
The Jawas scurry around fussing over the robots, straightening
them up or brushing some dust from a dented metallic elbow.
The shrouded little creatures smell horribly, attracting
small insects to the dark areas when their mouths and nostrils
should be.
Out of the shadows of a dingy side-building limps Owen Lars,
a large burly man in his mid-fifties. His reddish eyes are
sunken in a dust-covered face. As the farmer carefully
inspects each robot, he is closely followed by his slump-
shouldered nephew, Luke Skywalker. One of the vile little
Jawas walks ahead of the farmer spouting an animated sales
pitch in a queer, unintelligible language.
A voice calls out from one of the huge holes that form the
homestead. Luke goes over to the edge and sees his Aunt Beru
standing in the main courtyard.
BERU
Luke, tell Owen that if he gets a
translator to be sure it speaks Bocce.
LUKE
It looks like we don't have much of
a choice but I'll remind him.
Luke returns to his uncle as they look over the equipment
for sale with the Jawa leader.
OWEN
I have no need for a protocol droid.
THREEPIO
(quickly)
Sir -- not in an environment such as
this -- that's why I've also been
programmed for over thirty secondary
functions that...
OWEN
What I really need is a droid that
understands the binary language of
moisture vaporators.
THREEPIO
Vaporators! Sir -- My first job was
programming binary load lifter...
very similar to your vaporators. You
could say...
OWEN
Do you speak Bocce?
THREEPIO
Of course I can, sir. It's like a
second language for me... I'm as
fluent in Bocce...
OWEN
All right shut up!
(turning to Jawa)
I'll take this one.
THREEPIO
Shutting up, sir.
OWEN
Luke, take these two over to the
garage, will you? I want you to have
both of them cleaned up before dinner.
LUKE
But I was going into Toshi Station
to pick up some power converters...
OWEN
You can waste time with your friends
when your chores are done. Now come
on, get to it!
LUKE
All right, come on! And the red one,
come on. Well, come on, Red, let's
go.
As the Jawas start to lead the three remaining robots back
into the Sandcrawler, Artoo lets out a pathetic little beep
and starts after his old friend Threepio. He is restrained
by a slimy Jawa, who zaps him with a control box.
Owen is negotiating with the head Jawa. Luke and the two
robots start off for the garage when a plate pops off the
head of the red astro-droid's head plate and it sparks wildly.
LUKE
Uncle Owen...
OWEN
Yeah?
LUKE
This R2 unit has a bad motivator.
Look!
OWEN
(to the head Jawa)
Hey, what're you trying to push on
us?
The Jawa goes into a loud spiel. Meanwhile, Artoo has sneaked
out of line and is moving up and down trying to attract
attention. He lets out with a low whistle. Threepio taps
Luke on the shoulder.
THREEPIO
(pointing to Artoo)
Excuse me, sir, but that R2 unit is
in prime condition. A real bargain.
LUKE
Uncle Owen...
OWEN
Yeah?
LUKE
What about that one?
OWEN
(to Jawa)
What about that blue one? We'll take
that one.
With a little reluctance the scruffy dwarf trades the damaged
astro-droid for Artoo.
LUKE
Yeah, take it away.
THREEPIO
Uh, I'm quite sure you'll be very
pleased with that one, sir. He really
is in first-class condition. I've
worked with him before. Here he comes.
Owen pays off the whining Jawa as Luke and the two robots
trudge off toward a grimy homestead entry.
LUKE
Okay, let's go.
THREEPIO
(to Artoo)
Now, don't you forget this! Why I
should stick my neck out for you is
quite beyond my capacity!
INT. LARS HOMESTEAD - GARAGE AREA - LATE AFTERNOON
The garage is cluttered and worn, but a friendly peaceful
atmosphere permeates the low grey chamber. Threepio lowers
himself into a large tub filled with warm oil. Near the
battered Landspeeder little Artoo rests on a large battery
with a cord to his face.
THREEPIO
Thank the maker! This oil bath is
going to feel so good. I've got such
a bad case of dust contamination, I
can barely move!
Artoo beeps a muffled reply. Luke seems to be lost in thought
as he runs his hand over the damaged fin of a small two-man
Skyhopper spaceship resting in a low hangar off the garage.
Finally Luke's frustrations get the better of him and he
slams a wrench across the workbench.
LUKE
It just isn't fair. Oh, Biggs is
right. I'm never gonna get out of
here!
THREEPIO
Is there anything I might do to help?
Luke glances at the battered robot. A bit of his anger drains
and a tiny smile creeps across his face.
LUKE
Well, not unless you can alter time,
speed up the harvest, or teleport me
off this rock!
THREEPIO
I don't think so, sir. I'm only a
droid and not very knowledgeable
about such things. Not on this planet,
anyways. As a matter of fact, I'm
not even sure which planet I'm on.
LUKE
Well, if there's a bright center to
the universe, you're on the planet
that it's farthest from.
THREEPIO
I see, sir.
LUKE
Uh, you can call me Luke.
THREEPIO
I see, sir Luke.
LUKE
(laughing)
Just Luke.
THREEPIO
And I am See-Threepio, human-cyborg
relations, and this is my counterpart,
Artoo-Detoo.
LUKE
Hello.
Artoo beeps in response. Luke unplugs Artoo and begins to
scrape several connectors on the robot's head with a chrome
pick. Threepio climbs out of the oil tub and begins wiping
oil from his bronze body.
LUKE
You got a lot of carbon scoring here.
It looks like you boys have seen a
lot of action.
THREEPIO
With all we've been through, sometimes
I'm amazed we're in as good condition
as we are, what with the Rebellion
and all.
LUKE
You know of the Rebellion against
the Empire?
THREEPIO
That's how we came to be in your
service, if you take my meaning,
sir.
LUKE
Have you been in many battles?
THREEPIO
Several, I think. Actually, there's
not much to tell. I'm not much more
than an interpreter, and not very
good at telling stories. Well, not
at making them interesting, anyways.
Luke struggles to remove a small metal fragment from Artoo's
neck joint. He uses a larger pick.
LUKE
Well, my little friend, you've got
something jammed in here real good.
Were you on a cruiser or...
The fragment breaks loose with a snap, sending Luke tumbling
head over heels. He sits up and sees a twelve-inch three-
dimensional hologram of Leia Organa, the Rebel senator, being
projected from the face of little Artoo. The image is a
rainbow of colors as it flickers and jiggles in the dimly
lit garage. Luke's mouth hangs open in awe.
LEIA
Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi. You're my
only hope.
LUKE
What's this?
Artoo looks around and sheepishly beeps an answer for Threepio
to translate. Leia continues to repeat the sentence fragment
over and over.
THREEPIO
What is what?!? He asked you a
question...
(pointing to Leia)
What is that?
Artoo whistles his surprise as he pretends to just notice
the hologram. He looks around and sheepishly beeps an answer
for Threepio to translate. Leia continues to repeat the
sentence fragment over and over.
LEIA
Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi. You're my
only hope. Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi.
You're my only hope.
THREEPIO
Oh, he says it's nothing, sir. Merely
a malfunction. Old data. Pay it no
mind.
Luke becomes intrigued by the beautiful girl.
LUKE
Who is she? She's beautiful.
THREEPIO
I'm afraid I'm not quite sure, sir.
LEIA
Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi...
THREEPIO
I think she was a passenger on our
last voyage. A person of some
importance, sir -- I believe. Our
captain was attached to...
LUKE
Is there more to this recording?
Luke reaches out for Artoo but he lets out several frantic
squeaks and a whistle.
THREEPIO
Behave yourself, Artoo. You're going
to get us in trouble. It's all right,
you can trust him. He's our new
master.
Artoo whistles and beeps a long message to Threepio.
THREEPIO
He says he's the property of Obi-Wan
Kenobi, a resident of these parts.
And it's a private message for him.
Quite frankly, sir I don't know what
he's talking about. Our last master
was Captain Antilles, but with what
we've been through, this little R2
unit has become a bit eccentric.
LUKE
Obi-Wan Kenobi? I wonder if he means
old Ben Kenobi?
THREEPIO
I beg your pardon, sir, but do you
know what he's talking about?
LUKE
Well, I don't know anyone named Obi-
Wan, but old Ben lives out beyond
the dune sea. He's kind of a strange
old hermit.
Luke's gazes at the beautiful young princess for a few
moments.
LUKE
I wonder who she is. It sounds like
she's in trouble. I'd better play
back the whole thing.
Artoo beeps something to Threepio.
THREEPIO
He says the restraining bolt has
short circuited his recording system.
He suggests that if you remove the
bolt, he might be able to play back
the entire recording.
Luke looks longingly at the lovely, little princess and hasn't
really heard what Threepio has been saying.
LUKE
H'm? Oh, yeah, well, I guess you're
too small to run away on me if I
take this off! Okay.
Luke takes a wedged bar and pops the restraining bolt off
Artoo's side.
LUKE
There you go.
The princess immediately disappears...
LUKE
Well, wait a minute. Where'd she go?
Bring her back! Play back the entire
message.
Artoo beeps an innocent reply as Threepio sits up in
embarrassment.
THREEPIO
What message? The one you're carrying
inside your rusty innards!
A women's voice calls out from another room.
AUNT BERU
Luke? Luke! Come to dinner!
Luke stands up and shakes his head at the malfunctioning
robot.
LUKE
All right, I'll be right there, Aunt
Beru.
THREEPIO
I'm sorry, sir, but he appears to
have picked up a slight flutter.
Luke tosses Artoo's restraining bolt on the workbench and
hurries out of the room.
LUKE
Well, see what you can do with him.
I'll be right back.
THREEPIO
(to Artoo)
Just you reconsider playing that
message for him.
Artoo beeps in response.
THREEPIO
No, I don't think he likes you at
all.
Artoo beeps.
THREEPIO
No, I don't like you either.
INT. LARS HOMESTEAD - DINING AREA
Luke's Aunt Beru, a warm, motherly woman, fills a pitcher
with blue fluid from a refrigerated container in the well-
used kitchen. She puts the pitcher on a tray with some bowls
of food and starts for the dining area.
Luke sits with his Uncle Owen before a table covered with
steaming bowls of food as Aunt Beru carries in a bowl of red
grain.
LUKE
You know, I think that R2 unit we
bought might have been stolen.
OWEN
What makes you think that?
LUKE
Well, I stumbled across a recording
while I was cleaning him. He says he
belongs to someone called Obi-Wan
Kenobi.
Owen is greatly alarmed at the mention of his name, but
manages to control himself.
LUKE
I thought he might have meant old
Ben. Do you know what he's talking
about? Well, I wonder if he's related
to Ben.
Owen breaks loose with a fit of uncontrolled anger.
OWEN
That old man's just a crazy old
wizard. Tomorrow I want you to take
that R2 unit into Anchorhead and
have its memory flushed. That'll be
the end of it. It belongs to us now.
LUKE
But what if this Obi-Wan comes looking
for him?
OWEN
He won't, I don't think he exists
any more. He died about the same
time as your father.
LUKE
He knew my father?
OWEN
I told you to forget it. Your only
concern is to prepare the new droids
for tomorrow. In the morning I want
them on the south ridge working out
those condensers.
LUKE
Yes, sir. I think those new droids
are going to work out fine. In fact,
I, uh, was also thinking about our
agreement about my staying on another
season. And if these new droids do
work out, I want to transmit my
application to the Academy this year.
Owen's face becomes a scowl, although he tries to suppress
it.
OWEN
You mean the next semester before
harvest?
LUKE
Sure, there're more than enough
droids.
OWEN
Harvest is when I need you the most.
Only one more season. This year we'll
make enough on the harvest so I'll
be able to hire some more hands. And
then you can go to the Academy next
year.
Luke continues to toy with his food, not looking at his uncle.
OWEN
You must understand I need you here,
Luke.
LUKE
But it's a whole 'nother year.
OWEN
Look, it's only one more season.
Luke pushes his half-eaten plate of food aside and stands.
LUKE
Yeah, that's what you said last year
when Biggs and Tank left.
AUNT BERU
Where are you going?
LUKE
It looks like I'm going nowhere. I
have to finish cleaning those droids.
Resigned to his fate, Luke paddles out of the room. Owen
mechanically finishes his dinner.
AUNT BERU
Owen, he can't stay here forever.
Most of his friends have gone. It
means so much to him.
OWEN
I'll make it up to him next year. I
promise.
AUNT BERU
Luke's just not a farmer, Owen. He
has too much of his father in him.
OWEN
That's what I'm afraid of.
EXT. TATOOINE - LARS HOMESTEAD
The giant twin suns of Tatooine slowly disappear behind a
distant dune range. Luke stands watching them for a few
moments, then reluctantly enters the doomed entrance to the
homestead.
INT. LARS HOMESTEAD - GARAGE
Luke enters the garage to discover the robots nowhere in
sight. He takes a small control box from his utility belt
similar to the one the Jawas were carrying. He activates the
box, which creates a low hum, and Threepio, letting out a
short yell, pops up from behind the Skyhopper spaceship.
LUKE
What are you doing hiding there?
Threepio stumbles forward, but Artoo is still nowhere in
sight.
THREEPIO
It wasn't my fault, sir. Please don't
deactivate me. I told him not to go,
but he's faulty, malfunctioning;
kept babbling on about his mission.
LUKE
Oh, no!
Luke races out of the garage followed by Threepio.
EXT. TATOOINE - LARS HOMESTEAD
Luke rushes out of the small doomed entry to the homestead
and searches the darkening horizon for the small triped astro-
robot. Threepio struggles out of the homestead and on the
salt flat as Luke scans the landscape with his
electrobinoculars.
THREEPIO
That R2 unit has always been a
problem. These astro-droids are
getting quite out of hand. Even I
can't understand their logic at times.
LUKE
How could I be so stupid? He's nowhere
in sight. Blast it!
THREEPIO
Pardon me, sir, but couldn't we go
after him?
LUKE
It's too dangerous with all the
Sandpeople around. We'll have to
wait until morning.
Owen yells up from the homestead plaza.
OWEN
Luke, I'm shutting the power down
for the night.
LUKE
All right, I'll be there in a few
minutes. Boy, am I gonna get it.
He takes one final look across the dim horizon.
LUKE
You know that little droid is going
to cause me a lot of trouble.
THREEPIO
Oh, he excels at that, sir.
INT. LARS HOMESTEAD - PLAZA
Morning slowly creeps into the sparse but sparkling oasis of
the open courtyard. The idyll is broken be the yelling of
Uncle Owen, his voice echoing throughout the homestead.
OWEN
Luke? Luke? Luke? Where could he be
loafing now!
INT. LARS HOMESTEAD - KITCHEN
The interior of the kitchen is a worm glow as Aunt Beru
prepares the morning breakfast. Owen enters in a huff.
OWEN
Have you seen Luke this morning?
AUNT BERU
He said he had some things to do
before he started today, so he left
early.
OWEN
Uh? Did he take those two new droids
with him?
AUNT BERU
I think so.
OWEN
Well, he'd better have those units
in the south range repaired be midday
or there'll be hell to pay!
EXT. TATOOINE - DESERT WASTELAND - LUKE'S SPEEDER - DAY
The rock and sand of the desert floor are a blur as Threepio
pilots the sleek Landspeeder gracefully across the vast
wasteland.
INT./EXT. LUKE'S SPEEDER - DESERT WASTELAND - TRAVELING -
DAY
Luke leans over the back of the speeder and adjusts something
in the motor compartment.
LUKE
(yelling)
How's that.
Threepio signals that is fine and Luke turns back into the
wind-whipped cockpit and pops the canopy shut.
LUKE
Old Ben Kenobi lives out in this
direction somewhere, but I don't see
how that R2 unit could have come
this far. We must have missed him.
Uncle Owen isn't going to take this
very well.
THREEPIO
Sir, would it help if you told him
it was my fault.
LUKE
(brightening)
Sure. He needs you. He'd probably
only deactivate you for a day or
so...
THREEPIO
Deactivate! Well, on the other hand
if you hadn't removed his restraining
bolt...
LUKE
Wait, there's something dead ahead
on the scanner. It looks like our
droid... hit the accelerator.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK MESA - DUNE SEA - COASTLINE - DAY
From high on a rock mesa, the tiny Landspeeder can be seen
gliding across the desert floor. Suddenly in the foreground
two weather-beaten Sandpeople shrouded in their grimy desert
cloaks peer over the edge of the rock mesa. One of the
marginally human creatures raises a long ominous laser rifle
and points it at the speeder but the second creature grabs
the gun before it can be fired.
The Sandpeople, or Tusken Raiders as they're sometimes called,
speak in a coarse barbaric language as they get into an
animated argument. The second Tusken Raider seems to get in
the final word and the nomads scurry over the rocky terrain.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK MESA - CANYON
The Tusken Raider approaches two large Banthas standing tied
to a rock. The monstrous, bear-like creatures are as large
as elephants, with huge red eyes, tremendous looped horns,
and long, furry, dinosaur-like tails. The Tusken Raiders
mount saddles strapped to the huge creatures' shaggy backs
and ride off down the rugged bluff.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - FLOOR
The speeder is parked on the floor of a massive canyon. Luke,
with his long laser rifle slung over his shoulder, stands
before little Artoo.
LUKE
Hey, whoa, just where do you think
you're going?
The little droid whistles a feeble reply, as Threepio poses
menacingly behind the little runaway.
THREEPIO
Master Luke here is your rightful
owner. We'll have no more of this
Obi-Wan Kenobi jibberish... and don't
talk to me about your mission, either.
You're fortunate he doesn't blast
you into a million pieces right here.
LUKE
Well, come on. It's getting late. I
only hope we can get back before
Uncle Owen really blows up.
THREEPIO
If you don't mind my saying so, sir,
I think you should deactivate the
little fugitive until you've gotten
him back to your workshop.
LUKE
No, he's not going to try anything.
Suddenly the little robot jumps to life with a mass of frantic
whistles and screams.
LUKE
What's wrong with him now?
THREEPIO
Oh my... sir, he says there are
several creatures approaching from
the southeast.
Luke swings his rifle into position and looks to the south.
LUKE
Sandpeople! Or worst! Come on, let's
have a look. Come on.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - RIDGE - DAY
Luke carefully makes his way to the top of a rock ridge and
scans the canyon with his electrobinoculars. He spots the
two riderless Banthas. Threepio struggles up behind the young
adventurer.
LUKE
There are two Banthas down there but
I don't see any... wait a second,
they're Sandpeople all right. I can
see one of them now.
Luke watches the distant Tusken Raider through his
electrobinoculars. Suddenly something huge moves in front of
his field of view. Before Luke or Threepio can react, a large,
gruesome Tusken Raider looms over them. Threepio is startled
and backs away, right off the side if the cliff. He can be
heard for several moments as he clangs, bangs and rattles
down the side of the mountain.
The towering creature brings down his curved, double-pointed
gaderffii -- the dreaded axe blade that has struck terror in
the heart of the local settlers. But Luke manages to block
the blow with his laser rifle, which is smashed to pieces.
The terrified farm boy scrambles backward until he is forced
to the edge of a deep crevice. The sinister Raider stands
over him with his weapon raised and lets out a horrible
shrieking laugh.
EXT. TATOOINE - ROCK CANYON - FLOOR - DAY
Artoo forces himself into the shadows of a small alcove in
the rocks as the vicious Sandpeople walk past carrying the
inert Luke Skywalker, who is dropped in a heap before the
speeder. The Sandpeople ransack the speeder, throwing parts
and supplies in all directions. Suddenly they stop. Then
everything is quiet for a few moments. A great howling moan
is heard echoing throughout the canyon which sends the
Sandpeople fleeing in terror.
Artoo moves even tighter into the shadows as the slight
swishing sound that frightened off the Sandpeople grows even
closer, until a shabby old desert-rat-of-a-man appears and
leans over Luke. His ancient leathery face, cracked and
weathered by exotic climates is set off by dark, penetrating
eyes and a scraggly white beard. Ben Kenobi squints his eyes
as he scrutinizes the unconscious farm boy. Artoo makes a
slight sound and Ben turns and looks right at him.
BEN
Hello there! Come here my little
friend. Don't be afraid.
Artoo waddles over to were Luke lies crumpled in a heap and
begins to whistle and beep his concern. Ben puts his hand on
Luke's forehead and he begins to come around.
BEN
Don't worry, he'll be all right.
LUKE
What happened?
BEN
Rest easy, son, you've had a busy
day. You're fortunate you're still
in one piece.
LUKE
Ben? Ben Kenobi! Boy, am I glad to
see you!
BEN
The Jundland wastes are not to be
traveled lightly. Tell me young Luke,
what brings you out this far?
LUKE
Oh, this little droid! I think he's
searching for his former master...
I've never seen such devotion in a
droid before... there seems to be no
stopping him. He claims to be the
property of an Obi-Wan Kenobi. Is he
a relative of yours? Do you know who
he's talking about?
Ben ponders this for a moment, scratching his scruffy beard.
BEN
Obi-Wan Kenobi... Obi-Wan? Now thats
a name I haven't heard in a long
time... a long time.
LUKE
I think my uncle knew him. He said
he was dead.
BEN
Oh, he's not dead, not... not yet.
LUKE
You know him!
BEN
Well of course, of course I know
him. He's me! I haven't gone by the
name Obi-Wan since oh, before you
were born.
LUKE
Then the droid does belong to you.
BEN
Don't seem to remember ever owning a
droid. Very interesting...
He suddenly looks up at the overhanging cliffs.
BEN
I think we better get indoors. The
Sandpeople are easily startled but
they will soon be back and in greater
numbers.
Luke sits up and rubs his head. Artoo lets out a pathetic
beep causing Luke to remember something. He looks around.
LUKE
Threepio!
EXT. TATOOINE - SAND PIT - ROCK MESA - DAY
Little Artoo stands at the edge of a large sand pit and begins
to chatter away in electronic whistles and beeps. Luke and
Ben stand over a very dented and tangled Threepio lying half
buried in the sand. One of his arms has broken off.
Luke tries to revive the inert robot by shaking him and then
flips a hidden switch on his back several times until finally
the mechanical man's systems turn on.
THREEPIO
Where am I? I must have taken a bad
step...
LUKE
Can you stand? We've got to get out
of here before the Sandpeople return.
THREEPIO
I don't think I can make it. You go
on, Master Luke. There's no sense in
you risking yourself on my account.
I'm done for.
Artoo makes a beeping sound.
LUKE
No, you're not. What kind of talk is
that?
Luke and Ben help the battered robot to his feet. Little
Artoo watches from the top of the pit. Ben glances around
suspiciously. Sensing something, he stands up and sniffs the
air.
BEN
Quickly, son... they're on the move.
INT. KENOBI'S DWELLING
The small, spartan hovel is cluttered with desert junk but
still manages to radiate an air of time-worn comfort and
security. Luke is in one corner repairing Threepio's arm, as
old Ben sits thinking.
LUKE
No, my father didn't fight in the
wars. He was a navigator on a spice
freighter.
BEN
That's what your uncle told you. He
didn't hold with your father's ideals.
Thought he should have stayed here
and not gotten involved.
LUKE
You fought in the Clone Wars?
BEN
Yes, I was once a Jedi Knight the
same as your father.
LUKE
I wish I'd known him.
BEN
He was the best star-pilot in the
galaxy, and a cunning warrior. I
understand you've become quite a
good pilot yourself. And he was a
good friend. Which reminds me...
Ben gets up and goes to a chest where he rummages around.
As Luke finishes repairing Threepio and starts to fit the
restraining bolt back on, Threepio looks at him nervously.
Luke thinks about the bolt for a moment then puts it on the
table. Ben shuffles up and presents Luke with a short handle
with several electronic gadgets attached to it.
BEN
I have something here for you. Your
father wanted you to have this when
you were old enough, but your uncle
wouldn't allow it. He feared you
might follow old Obi-Wan on some
damned-fool idealistic crusade like
your father did.
THREEPIO
Sir, if you'll not be needing me,
I'll close down for awhile.
LUKE
Sure, go ahead.
Ben hands Luke the saber.
LUKE
What is it?
BEN
Your fathers lightsaber. This is the
weapon of a Jedi Knight. Not as clumsy
or as random as a blaster.
Luke pushes a button on the handle. A long beam shoots out
about four feet and flickers there. The light plays across
the ceiling.
BEN
An elegant weapon for a more civilized
time. For over a thousand generations
the Jedi Knights were the guardians
of peace and justice in the Old
Republic. Before the dark times,
before the Empire.
Luke hasn't really been listening.
LUKE
How did my father die?
BEN
A young Jedi named Darth Vader, who
was a pupil of mine until he turned
to evil, helped the Empire hunt down
and destroy the Jedi Knights. He
betrayed and murdered your father.
Now the Jedi are all but extinct.
Vader was seduced by the dark side
of the Force.
LUKE
The Force?
BEN
Well, the Force is what gives a Jedi
his power. It's an energy field
created by all living things. It
surrounds us and penetrates us. It
binds the galaxy together.
Artoo makes beeping sounds.
BEN
Now, let's see if we can't figure
out what you are, my little friend.
And where you come from.
LUKE
I saw part of the message he was...
Luke is cut short as the recorded image of the beautiful
young Rebel princess is projected from Artoo's face.
BEN
I seem to have found it.
Luke stops his work as the lovely girl's image flickers before
his eyes.
LEIA
General Kenobi, years ago you served
my father in the Clone Wars. Now he
begs you to help him in his struggle
against the Empire. I regret that I
am unable to present my father's
request to you in person, but my
ship has fallen under attack and I'm
afraid my mission to bring you to
Alderaan has failed. I have placed
information vital to the survival of
the Rebellion into the memory systems
of this R2 unit. My father will know
how to retrieve it. You must see
this droid safely delivered to him
on Alderaan. This is our most
desperate hour. Help me, Obi-Wan
Kenobi, you're my only hope.
There is a little static and the transmission is cut short.
Old Ben leans back and scratches his head. He silently puffs
on a tarnished chrome water pipe. Luke has stars in his eyes.
BEN
You must learn the ways of the Force
if you're to come with me to Alderaan.
LUKE
(laughing)
Alderaan? I'm not going to Alderaan.
I've got to go home. It's late, I'm
in for it as it is.
BEN
I need your help, Luke. She needs
your help. I'm getting too old for
this sort of thing.
LUKE
I can't get involved! I've got work
to do! It's not that I like the
Empire. I hate it! But there's nothing
I can do about it right now. It's
such a long way from here.
BEN
That's your uncle talking.
LUKE
(sighing)
Oh, God, my uncle. How am I ever
going to explain this?
BEN
Learn about the Force, Luke.
LUKE
Look, I can take you as far as
Anchorhead. You can get a transport
there to Mos Eisley or wherever you're
going.
BEN
You must do what you feel is right,
of course.
EXT. SPACE.
An Imperial Stardestroyer heads toward the evil planet-like
battle station: the Death Star!
INT. DEATH STAR - CONFERENCE ROOM
Eight Imperial senators and generals sit around a black
conference table. Imperial stormtroopers stand guard around
the room. Commander Tagge, a young, slimy-looking general,
is speaking.
TAGGE
Until this battle station is fully
operational we are vulnerable. The
Rebel Alliance is too well equipped.
They're more dangerous than you
realize.
The bitter Admiral Motti twists nervously in his chair.
MOTTI
Dangerous to your starfleet,
Commander, not to this battle station!
TAGGE
The Rebellion will continue to gain
a support in the Imperial Senate as
long as....
Suddenly all heads turn as Commander Tagge's speech is cut
short and the Grand Moff Tarkin, governor of the Imperial
outland regions, enters. He is followed by his powerful ally,
The Sith Lord, Darth Vader. All of the generals stand and
bow before the thin, evil-looking governor as he takes his
place at the head of the table. The Dark Lord stands behind
him.
TARKIN
The Imperial Senate will no longer
be of any concern to us. I've just
received word that the Emperor has
dissolved the council permanently.
The last remnants of the Old Republic
have been swept away.
TAGGE
That's impossible! How will the
Emperor maintain control without the
bureaucracy?
TARKIN
The regional governors now have direct
control over territories. Fear will
keep the local systems in line. Fear
of this battle station.
TAGGE
And what of the Rebellion? If the
Rebels have obtained a complete
technical readout of this station,
it is possible, however unlikely,
that they might find a weakness and
exploit it.
VADER
The plans you refer to will soon be
back in our hands.
MOTTI
Any attack made by the Rebels against
this station would be a useless
gesture, no matter what technical
data they've obtained. This station
is now the ultimate power in the
universe. I suggest we use it!
VADER
Don't be too proud of this
technological terror you've
constructed. The ability to destroy
a planet is insignificant next to
the power of the Force.
MOTTI
Don't try to frighten us with your
sorcerer's ways, Lord Vader. Your
sad devotion to that ancient religion
has not helped you conjure up the
stolen data tapes, or given you
clairvoyance enough to find the
Rebel's hidden fort...
Suddenly Motti chokes and starts to turn blue under Vader's
spell.
VADER
I find your lack of faith disturbing.
TARKIN
Enough of this! Vader, release him!
VADER
As you wish.
TARKIN
This bickering is pointless. Lord
Vader will provide us with the
location of the Rebel fortress by
the time this station is operational.
We will then crush the Rebellion
with one swift stroke.
EXT. TATOOINE - WASTELAND
The speeder stops before what remains of the huge Jawas
Sandcrawler. Luke and Ben walk among the smoldering rubble
and scattered bodies.
LUKE
It looks like Sandpeople did this,
all right. Look, here are Gaffi
sticks, Bantha tracks. It's just...
I never heard of them hitting anything
this big before.
Ben is crouching in the sand studying the tracks.
BEN
They didn't. But we are meant to
think they did. These tracks are
side by side. Sandpeople always ride
single file to hide there numbers.
LUKE
These are the same Jawas that sold
us Artoo and Threepio.
BEN
And these blast points, too accurate
for Sandpeople. Only Imperial
stormtroopers are so precise.
LUKE
Why would Imperial troops want to
slaughter Jawas?
Luke looks back at the speeder where Artoo and Threepio are
inspecting the dead Jawas, and put two and two together.
LUKE
If they traced the robots here, they
may have learned who they sold them
to. And that would lead them home!
Luke reaches a sudden horrible realization, then races for
the speeder and jumps it.
BEN
Wait, Luke! It's too dangerous.
Luke races off leaving Ben and the two robots alone with the
burning Sandcrawler.
EXT. TATOOINE - WASTELAND
Luke races across the wasteland in his battered Landspeeder.
EXT. TATOOINE - LARS HOMESTEAD
The speeder roars up to the burning homestead. Luke jumps
out and runs to the smoking holes that were once his home.
Debris is scattered everywhere and it looks as if a great
battle has taken place.
LUKE
Uncle Owen! Aunt Beru! Uncle Owen!
Luke stumbles around in a daze looking for his aunt and uncle.
Suddenly he comes upon their smoldering remains. He is
stunned, and cannot speak. Hate replaces fear and a new
resolve comes over him.
EXT. SPACE
Imperial TIE fighter races toward the Death Star.
INT. DEATH STAR - DETENTION CORRIDOR
Two stormtroopers open an electronic cell door and allow
several Imperial guards to enter. Princess Leia's face is
filled with defiance, which slowly gives way to fear as a
giant black torture robot enters, followed by Darth Vader.
VADER
And, now Your Highness, we will
discuss the location of your hidden
Rebel base.
The torture robot gives off a steady beeping sound as it
approaches Princess Leia and extends one of its mechanical
arms bearing a large hypodermic needle. The door slides shut
and the long cell block hallway appears peaceful. The muffled
screams of the Rebel princess are barely heard.
EXT. TATOOINE - WASTELAND
There is a large bonfire of Jawa bodies blazing in front of
the Sandcrawler as Ben and the robots finish burning the
dead. Luke drives up in the speeder and Ben walks over to
him.
BEN
There's nothing you could have done,
Luke, had you been there. You'd have
been killed, too, and the droids
would be in the hands of the Empire.
LUKE
I want to come with you to Alderaan.
There's nothing here for me now. I
want to learn the ways of the Force
and become a Jedi like my father.
EXT. TATOOINE - WASTELAND
The Landspeeder with Luke, Artoo, Threepio, and Ben in it
zooms across the desert. The speeder stops on a bluff
overlooking the spaceport at Mos Eisley. It is a haphazard
array of low, grey, concrete structures and semi-domes. A
harsh gale blows across the stark canyon floor. Luke adjusts
his goggles and walks to the edge of the craggy bluff where
Ben is standing.
BEN
Mos Eisley Spaceport. You will never
find a more wretched hive of scum
and villainy. We must be cautious.
Ben looks over at Luke, who gives the old Jedi a determined
smile.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
The speeder is stopped on a crowded street by several combat-
hardend stormtroopers who look over the two robots. A Trooper
questions Luke.
TROOPER
How long have you had these droids?
LUKE
About three or four seasons.
BEN
They're for sale if you want them.
TROOPER
Let me see your identification.
Luke becomes very nervous as he fumbles to find his ID while
Ben speaks to the Trooper in a very controlled voice.
BEN
You don't need to see his
identification.
TROOPER
We don't need to see his
identification.
BEN
These are not the droids your looking
for.
TROOPER
These are not the droids we're looking
for.
BEN
He can go about his business.
TROOPER
You can go about your business.
BEN
(to Luke)
Move along.
TROOPER
Move along. Move along.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
The speeder pulls up in front of a rundown blockhouse cantina
on the outskirts of the spaceport. Various strange forms of
transport, including several unusual beasts of burden, are
parked outside the bar. A Jawa runs up and begins to fondle
the speeder.
THREEPIO
I can't abide these Jawas. Disgusting
creatures.
As Luke gets out of the speeder he tries to shoo the Jawa
away.
LUKE
Go on, go on. I can't understand how
we got by those troopers. I thought
we were dead.
BEN
The Force can have a strong influence
on the weak-minded. You will find it
a powerful ally.
LUKE
Do you really think we're going to
find a pilot here that'll take us to
Alderaan?
BEN
Well, most of the best freighter
pilots can be found here. Only watch
your step. This place can be a little
rough.
LUKE
I'm ready for anything.
THREEPIO
Come along, Artoo.
INT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - CANTINA
The young adventurer and his two mechanical servants follow
Ben Kenobi into the smoke-filled cantina. The murky, moldy
den is filled with a startling array of weird and exotic
alien creatures and monsters at the long metallic bar. At
first the sight is horrifying. One-eyed, thousand-eyed, slimy,
furry, scaly, tentacled, and clawed creatures huddle over
drinks. Ben moves to an empty spot at the bar near a group
of repulsive but human scum. A huge, rough-looking Bartender
stops Luke and the robots.
BARTENDER
We don't serve their kind here!
Luke still recovering from the shock of seeing so many
outlandish creatures, doesn't quite catch the bartender's
drift.
LUKE
What?
BARTENDER
Your droids. They'll have to wait
outside. We don't want them here.
Luke looks at old Ben, who is busy talking to one of the
Galactic pirates. He notices several of the gruesome creatures
along the bar are giving him a very unfriendly glare.
Luke pats Threepio on the shoulder.
LUKE
Listen, why don't you wait out by
the speeder. We don't want any
trouble.
THREEPIO
I heartily agree with you sir.
Threepio and his stubby partner go outside and most of the
creatures at the bar go back to their drinks.
Ben is standing next to Chewbacca, an eight-foot-tall savage-
looking creature resembling a huge grey bushbaby monkey with
fierce baboon-like fangs. His large blue eyes dominate a fur-
covered face and soften his otherwise awesome appearance.
Over his matted, furry body he wears two chrome bandoliers,
and little else. He is a two-hundred-year-old Wookiee and a
sight to behold.
Ben speaks to the Wookiee, pointing to Luke several times
during his conversation and the huge creature suddenly lets
out a horrifying laugh. Luke is more than a little bit
disconcerted and pretends not to hear the conversation between
Ben and the giant Wookiee.
Luke is terrified but tries not to show it. He quietly sips
his drink, looking over the crowd for a more sympathetic ear
or whatever.
A large, multiple-eyed Creature gives Luke a rough shove.
CREATURE
Negola dewaghi wooldugger?!?
The hideous freak is obviously drunk. Luke tries to ignore
the creature and turns back on his drink. A short, grubby
Human and an even smaller rodent-like beast join the
belligerent monstrosity.
HUMAN
He doesn't like you.
LUKE
I'm sorry.
HUMAN
I don't like you either.
The big creature is getting agitated and yells out some
unintelligible gibberish at the now rather nervous, young
adventurer.
HUMAN
Don't insult us. You just watch
yourself. We're wanted men. I have
the death sentence in twelve systems.
LUKE
I'll be careful than.
HUMAN
You'll be dead.
The rodent lets out a loud grunt and everything at the bar
moves away. Luke tries to remain cool but it isn't easy. His
three adversaries ready their weapons. Old Ben moves in behind
Luke.
BEN
This little one isn't worth the
effort. Come let me buy you
something...
A powerful blow from the unpleasant creature sends the young
would-be Jedi sailing across the room, crashing through tables
and breaking a large jug filled with a foul-looking liquid.
With a blood curdling shriek, the monster draws a wicked
chrome laser pistol from his belt and levels it at old Ben.
The bartender panics.
BARTENDER
No blasters! No blaster!
With astounding agility old Ben's laser sword sparks to life
and in a flash an arm lies on the floor. The rodent is cut
in two and the giant multiple-eyed creature lies doubled,
cut from chin to groin. Ben carefully and precisely turns
off his laser sword and replaces it on his utility belt.
Luke, shaking and totally amazed at the old man's abilities,
attempts to stand. The entire fight has lasted only a matter
of seconds. The cantina goes back to normal, although Ben is
given a respectable amount of room at the bar. Luke, rubbing
his bruised head, approaches the old man with new awe. Ben
points the the Wookiee.
BEN
This is Chewbacca. He's first-mate
on a ship that might suit our needs.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
Threepio paces in front of the cantina as Artoo carries on
an electronic conversation with another little red astro-
droid. A creature comes out of the cantina and approaches
two stormtroopers in the street.
THREEPIO
I don't like the look of this.
INT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - CANTINA
Strange creatures play exotic big band music on odd-looking
instruments as Luke, still giddy, downs a fresh drink and
follows Ben and Chewbacca to a booth where Han Solo is
sitting. Han is a tough, roguish starpilot about thirty years
old. A mercenary on a starship, he is simple, sentimental,
and cocksure.
HAN
Han Solo. I'm captain of the
Millennium Falcon. Chewie here tells
me you're looking for passage to the
Alderaan system.
BEN
Yes, indeed. If it's a fast ship.
HAN
Fast ship? You've never heard of the
Millennium Falcon?
BEN
Should I have?
HAN
It's the ship that made the Kessel
run in less than twelve parsecs!
Ben reacts to Solo's stupid attempt to impress them with
obvious misinformation.
HAN
I've outrun Imperial starships, not
the local bulk-cruisers, mind you.
I'm talking about the big Corellian
ships now. She's fast enough for
you, old man. What's the cargo?
BEN
Only passengers. Myself, the boy,
two droids, and no questions asked.
HAN
What is it? Some kind of local
trouble?
BEN
Let's just say we'd like to avoid
any Imperial entanglements.
HAN
Well, that's the trick, isn't it?
And it's going to cost you something
extra. Ten thousand in advance.
LUKE
Ten thousand? We could almost buy
our own ship for that!
HAN
But who's going to fly it, kid! You?
LUKE
You bet I could. I'm not such a bad
pilot myself! We don't have to sit
here and listen...
BEN
We haven't that much with us. But we
could pay you two thousand now, plus
fifteen when we reach Alderaan.
HAN
Seventeen, huh!
Han ponders this for a few moments.
HAN
Okay. You guys got yourself a ship.
We'll leave as soon as you're ready.
Docking bay Ninety-four.
BEN
Ninety-four.
HAN
Looks like somebody's beginning to
take an interest in your handiwork.
Ben and Luke turn around to see four Imperial stormtroopers
looking at the dead bodies and asking the bartenders some
questions. The bartender points to the booth.
TROOPER
All right, we'll check it out.
The stormtroopers look over at the booth but Luke and Ben
are gone. The bartender shrugs his shoulders in puzzlement.
HAN
Seventeen thousand! Those guys must
really be desperate. This could really
save my neck. Get back to the ship
and get her ready.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
BEN
You'll have to sell your speeder.
LUKE
That's okay. I'm never coming back
to this planet again.
INT. MOS EISLEY - CANTINA
As Han is about to leave, Greedo, a slimy green-faced alien
with a short trunk-nose, pokes a gun in his side. The creature
speaks in a foreign tongue translated into English subtitles.
GREEDO
Going somewhere, Solo?
HAN
Yes, Greedo. As a matter of fact, I
was just going to see your boss.
Tell Jabba that I've got his money.
Han sits down and the alien sits across from him holding the
gun on him.
GREEDO
It's too late. You should have paid
him when you had the chance. Jabba's
put a price on your head, so large
that every bounty hunter in the galaxy
will be looking for you. I'm lucky I
found you first.
HAN
Yeah, but this time I got the money.
GREEDO
If you give it to me, I might forget
I found you.
HAN
I don't have it with me. Tell Jabba...
GREEDO
Jabba's through with you. He has no
time for smugglers who drop their
shipments at the first sign of an
Imperial cruiser.
HAN
Even I get boarded sometimes. Do you
think I had a choice?
Han Solo slowly reaches for his gun under the table.
GREEDO
You can tell that to Jabba. He may
only take your ship.
HAN
Over my dead body.
GREEDO
That's the idea. I've been looking
forward to killing you for a long
time.
HAN
Yes, I'll bet you have.
Suddenly the slimy alien disappears in a blinding flash of
light. Han pulls his smoking gun from beneath the table as
the other patron look on in bemused amazement. Han gets up
and starts out of the cantina, flipping the bartender some
coins as he leaves.
HAN
Sorry about the mess.
EXT. SPACE
Several TIE fighters approach the Death Star.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
VADER
Her resistance to the mind probe is
considerable. It will be some time
before we can extract any information
from her.
An Imperial Officer interrupts the meeting.
IMPERIAL OFFICER
The final check-out is complete. All
systems are operational. What course
shall we set?
TARKIN
Perhaps she would respond to an
alternative form of persuasion.
VADER
What do you mean?
TARKIN
I think it is time we demonstrate
the full power of this station.
(to soldier)
Set your course for Princess Leia's
home planet of Alderaan.
TROOPER
With pleasure.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
Four heavily-armed stormtroopers move menacingly along a
narrow slum alleyway crowed with darkly clad creatures hawking
exotic goods in the dingy little stalls. Men, monsters, and
robots crouch in the waste-filled doorways, whispering and
hiding from the hot winds.
THREEPIO
Lock the door, Artoo.
One of the troopers checks a tightly locked door and moves
on down the alleyway. The door slides open a crack and
Threepio peeks out. Artoo is barely visible in the background.
TROOPER
All right, check that side of the
street. It's secure. Move on to the
next door.
The door opens, Threepio moves into the doorway.
THREEPIO
I would much rather have gone with
Master Luke than stay here with you.
I don't know what all the trouble is
about, but I'm sure it must be your
fault.
Artoo makes beeping sounds.
THREEPIO
You watch your language!
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET - ALLEYWAY - USED
SPEEDER LOT
Ben and Luke are standing in a sleazy used speeder lot,
talking with a tall, grotesque, insect-like used speeder
dealer. Strange exotic bodies and spindly-legged beasts pass
by as the insect concludes the sale by giving Luke some coins.
LUKE
He says it's the best he can do.
Since the XP-38 came out, they're
just not in demand.
BEN
It will be enough.
Ben and Luke leave the speeder lot and walk down the dusty
alleyway past a small robot herding a bunch of anteater-like
creatures. Luke turns and gives one last forlorn look at his
faithful speeder as he rounds a corner. A darkly clad creature
moves out of the shadows as they pass and watches them as
they disappear down another alley.
BEN
If the ship's as fast as he's
boasting, we ought to do well.
INT. DOCKING BAY 94 - DAY
Jabba the Hut and a half-dozen grisly alien pirates and purple
creatures stand in the middle of the docking bay. Jabba is
the grossest of the slavering hulks and his scarred face is
a grim testimonial to his prowess as a vicious killer. He is
a fat, slug-like creature with eyes on extended feelers and
a huge ugly mouth.
JABBA
Come on out, Solo!
A voice from directly behind the pirates startles them and
they turn around to see Han Solo and the giant Wookiee,
Chewbacca, standing behind them with no weapons in sight.
HAN
I've been waiting for you, Jabba.
JABBA
I expected you would be.
HAN
I'm not the type to run.
JABBA
(fatherly-smooth)
Han, my boy, there are times when
you disappoint me... why haven't you
paid me? And why did you have to fry
poor Greedo like that... after all
we've been through together.
HAN
You sent Greedo to blast me.
JABBA
(mock surprise)
Han, why you're the best smuggler in
the business. You're too valuable to
fry. He was only relaying my concern
at your delays. He wasn't going to
blast you.
HAN
I think he thought he was. Next time
don't send one of those twerps. If
you've got something to say to me,
come see me yourself.
JABBA
Han, Han! If only you hadn't had to
dump that shipment of spice... you
understand I just can't make an
exception. Where would I be if every
pilot who smuggled for me dumped
their shipment at the first sign of
an Imperial starship? It's not good
business.
HAN
You know, even I get boarded
sometimes, Jabba. I had no choice,
but I've got a charter now and I can
pay you back, plus a little extra. I
just need some more time.
JABBA
(to his men)
Put your blasters away. Han, my boy,
I'm only doing this because you're
the best and I need you. So, for an
extra, say twenty percent I'll give
you a little more time... but this
is it. If you disappoint me again,
I'll put a price on your head so
large you won't be able to go near a
civilized system for the rest of
your short life.
HAN
Jabba, I'll pay you because it's my
pleasure.
EXT. DOCKING PORT ENTRY - ALLEYWAY
Chewbacca waits restlessly at the entrance to Docking Bay
94. Ben, Luke, and the robots make their way up the street.
Chewbacca jabbers excitedly and signals for them to hurry.
The darkly clad creature has followed them from the speeder
lot. He stops in a nearby doorway and speaks into a small
transmitter.
INT. MOS EISLEY SPACEPORT - DOCKING BAY 94
Chewbacca leads the group into a giant dirt pit that is
Docking Bay 94. Resting in the middle of the huge hole is a
large, round, beat-up, pieced-together hunk of junk that
could only loosely be called a starship.
LUKE
What a piece of junk.
The tall figure of Han Solo comes down the boarding ramp.
HAN
She'll make point five beyond the
speed of light. She may not look
like much, but she's got it where it
counts, kid. I've added some special
modifications myself.
Luke scratches his head. It's obvious he isn't sure about
all this. Chewbacca rushes up the ramp and urges the others
to follow.
HAN
We're a little rushed, so if you'll
hurry aboard we'll get out of here.
The group rushes up the gang plank, passing a grinning Han
Solo.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON
Chewbacca settles into the pilot's chair and starts the mighty
engines of the starship.
INT. MOS EISLEY SPACEPORT - DOCKING BAY 94
Luke, Ben, Threepio, and Artoo move toward the Millennium
Falcon passing Solo.
THREEPIO
Hello, sir.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREET
Eight Imperial stormtroopers rush up to the darkly clad
creature.
TROOPER
Which way?
The darkly clad creature points to the door of the docking
bay.
TROOPER
All right, men. Load your weapons!
INT. MOS EISLEY SPACEPORT - DOCKING BAY 94]
The troops hold their guns at the ready and charge down the
docking bay entrance.
TROOPER
Stop that ship!
Han Solo looks up and sees the Imperial stormtroopers rushing
into the docking bay. Several of the troopers fire at Han as
he ducks into the spaceship.
TROOPER
Blast 'em!
Han draws his laser pistol and pops off a couple of shots
which force the stormtroopers to dive for safety. The
pirateship engines whine as Han hits the release button that
slams the overhead entry shut.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON
HAN
Chewie, get us out of here!
The group straps in for take off.
THREEPIO
Oh, my. I'd forgotten how much I
hate space travel.
EXT. TATOOINE - MOS EISLEY - STREETS
The half-dozen stormtroopers at a check point hear the general
alarm and look to the sky as the huge starship rises above
the dingy slum dwellings and quickly disappears into the
morning sky.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Han climbs into the pilot's chair next to Chewbacca, who
chatters away as he points to something on the radar scope.
EXT. SPACE - PLANET TATOOINE
The Corellian pirateship zooms from Tatooine into space.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Han frantically types information into the ship's computer.
Little Artoo appears momentarily at the cockpit doorway,
makes a few beeping remarks, then scurries away.
HAN
It looks like an Imperial cruiser.
Our passengers must be hotter than I
thought. Try and hold them off. Angle
the deflector shield while I make
the calculations for the jump to
light speed.
EXT. SPACE - PLANET TATOOINE
The Millennium Falcon pirateship races away from the yellow
planet, Tatooine. It is followed by two huge Imperial
stardestroyers.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Over the shoulders of Chewbacca and Han, we can see the galaxy
spread before them. Luke and Ben make their way into the
cramped cockpit where Han continues his calculation.
HAN
Stay sharp! There are two more coming
in; they're going to try to cut us
off.
LUKE
Why don't you outrun them? I thought
you said this thing was fast.
HAN
Watch your mouth, kid, or you're
going to find yourself floating home.
We'll be safe enough once we make
the jump to hyperspace. Besides, I
know a few maneuvers. We'll lose
them!
EXT. SPACE - PLANET TATOOINE
Imperial cruisers fire at the pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
The ship shudders as an explosion flashes outside the window.
HAN
Here's where the fun begins!
BEN
How long before you can make the
jump to light speed?
HAN
It'll take a few moments to get the
coordinates from the navi-computer.
The ship begins to rock violently as lasers hit it.
LUKE
Are you kidding? At the rate they're
gaining...
HAN
Traveling through hyperspace isn't
like dusting crops, boy! Without
precise calculations we could fly
right through a star or bounce too
close to a supernova and that'd end
your trip real quick, wouldn't it?
The ship is now constantly battered with laserfire as a red
warning light begins to flash.
LUKE
What's that flashing?
HAN
We're losing our deflector shield.
Go strap yourself in, I'm going to
make the jump to light speed.
The galaxy brightens and they move faster, almost as if
crashing a barrier. Stars become streaks as the pirateship
makes the jump to hyperspace.
EXT. SPACE
The Millennium Falcon zooms into infinity in less than a
second.
EXT. DEATH STAR
Alderaan looms behind the Death Star battlestation.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Admiral Motti enters the quiet control room and bows before
Governor Tarkin, who stands before the huge wall screen
displaying a small green planet.
MOTTI
We've entered the Alderaan system.
Vader and two stormtroopers enter with Princess Leia. Her
hands are bound.
LEIA
Governor Tarkin, I should have
expected to find you holding Vader's
leash. I recognized your foul stench
when I was brought on board.
TARKIN
Charming to the last. You don't know
how hard I found it signing the order
to terminate your life!
LEIA
I surprised you had the courage to
take the responsibility yourself!
TARKIN
Princess Leia, before your execution
I would like you to be my guest at a
ceremony that will make this battle
station operational. No star system
will dare oppose the Emperor now.
LEIA
The more you tighten your grip,
Tarkin, the more star systems will
slip through your fingers.
TARKIN
Not after we demonstrate the power
of this station. In a way, you have
determined the choice of the planet
that'll be destroyed first. Since
you are reluctant to provide us with
the location of the Rebel base, I
have chosen to test this station's
destructive power... on your home
planet of Alderaan.
LEIA
No! Alderaan is peaceful. We have no
weapons. You can't possibly...
TARKIN
You would prefer another target? A
military target? Then name the system!
Tarkin waves menacingly toward Leia.
TARKIN
I grow tired of asking this. So it'll
be the last time. Where is the Rebel
base?
Leia overhears an intercom voice announcing the approach to
Alderaan.
LEIA
(softly)
Dantooine.
Leia lowers her head.
LEIA
They're on Dantooine.
TARKIN
There. You see Lord Vader, she can
be reasonable.
(addressing Motti)
Continue with the operation. You may
fire when ready.
LEIA
What?
TARKIN
You're far too trusting. Dantooine
is too remote to make an effective
demonstration. But don't worry. We
will deal with your Rebel friends
soon enough.
LEIA
No!
INT. DEATH STAR - BLAST CHAMBER
VADER
Commence primary ignition.
A button is pressed which switches on a panel of lights. A
hooded Imperial soldier reaches overhead and pulls a lever.
Another lever is pulled. Vader reaches for still another
lever and a bank of lights on a panel and wall light up. A
huge beam of light emanates from within a cone-shaped area
and converges into a single laser beam out toward Alderaan.
The small green planet of Alderaan is blown into space dust.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - CENTRAL HOLD AREA
Ben watches Luke practice the lightsaber with a small "seeker"
robot. Ben suddenly turns away and sits down. He falters,
seems almost faint.
LUKE
Are you all right? What's wrong?
BEN
I felt a great disturbance in the
Force... as if millions of voices
suddenly cried out in terror and
were suddenly silenced. I fear
something terrible has happened.
Ben rubs his forehead. He seems to drift into a trance. Then
he fixes his gaze on Luke.
BEN
You'd better get on with your
exercises.
Han Solo enters the room.
HAN
Well, you can forget your troubles
with those Imperial slugs. I told
you I'd outrun 'em.
Luke is once again practicing with the lightsaber.
HAN
Don't everyone thank me at once.
Threepio watches Chewbacca and Artoo who are engrossed in a
game in which three-dimensional holographic figures move
along a chess-type board.
HAN
Anyway, we should be at Alderaan
about oh-two-hundred hours.
Chewbacca and the two robots sit around the lighted table
covered with small holographic monsters. Each side of the
table has a small computer monitor embedded in it. Chewbacca
seems very pleased with himself as he rests his lanky fur-
covered arms over his head.
THREEPIO
Now be careful, Artoo.
Artoo immediately reaches up and taps the computer with his
stubby claw hand, causing one of the holographic creatures
to walk to the new square. A sudden frown crosses Chewbacca's
face and he begins yelling gibberish at the tiny robot.
Threepio intercedes on behalf of his small companion and
begins to argue with the huge Wookiee.
THREEPIO
He made a fair move. Screaming about
it won't help you.
HAN
(interrupting)
Let him have it. It's not wise to
upset a Wookiee.
THREEPIO
But sir, nobody worries about
upsetting a droid.
HAN
That's 'cause droids don't pull
people's arms out of their socket
when they lose. Wookiees are known
to do that.
THREEPIO
I see your point, sir. I suggest a
new strategy, Artoo. Let the Wookiee
win.
Luke stands in the middle of the small hold area; he seems
frozen in place. A humming lightsaber is held high over his
head. Ben watches him from the corner, studying his movements.
Han watches with a bit of smugness.
BEN
Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force
flowing through him.
LUKE
You mean it controls your actions?
BEN
Partially. But it also obeys your
commands.
Suspended at eye level, about ten feet in front of Luke, a
"seeker", a chrome baseball-like robot covered with antennae,
hovers slowly in a wide arc. The ball floats to one side of
the youth then the other. Suddenly it makes a lightning-swift
lunge and stops within a few feet of Luke's face. Luke doesn't
move and the ball backs off. It slowly moves behind the boy,
then makes another quick lunge, this time emitting a blood
red laser beam as it attacks. It hits Luke in the leg causing
him to tumble over. Han lets loose with a burst of laughter.
HAN
Hokey religions and ancient weapons
are no match for a good blaster at
your side, kid.
LUKE
You don't believe in the Force, do
you?
HAN
Kid, I've flown from one side of
this galaxy to the other. I've seen
a lot of strange stuff, but I've
never seen anything to make me believe
there's one all-powerful force
controlling everything. There's no
mystical energy field that controls
my destiny.
Ben smiles quietly.
HAN
It's all a lot of simple tricks and
nonsense.
BEN
I suggest you try it again, Luke.
Ben places a large helmet on Luke's head which covers his
eyes.
BEN
This time, let go your conscious
self and act on instinct.
LUKE
(laughing)
With the blast shield down, I can't
even see. How am I supposed to fight?
BEN
Your eyes can deceive you. Don't
trust them.
Han skeptically shakes his head as Ben throws the seeker
into the air. The ball shoots straight up in the air, then
drops like a rock. Luke swings the lightsaber around blindly
missing the seeker, which fires off a laserbolt which hits
Luke square on the seat of the pants. He lets out a painful
yell and attempts to hit the seeker.
BEN
Stretch out with your feelings.
Luke stands in one place, seemingly frozen. The seeker makes
a dive at Luke and, incredibly, he managed to deflect the
bolt. The ball ceases fire and moves back to its original
position.
BEN
You see, you can do it.
HAN
I call it luck.
BEN
In my experience, there's no such
thing as luck.
HAN
Look, going good against remotes is
one thing. Going good against the
living? That's something else.
Solo notices a small light flashing on the far side of the
control panel.
HAN
Looks like we're coming up on
Alderaan.
Han and Chewbacca head back to the cockpit.
LUKE
You know, I did feel something. I
could almost see the remote.
BEN
That's good. You have taken your
first step into a larger world.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONFERENCE ROOM
Imperial Officer Cass stands before Governor Tarkin and the
evil Dark Lord Darth Vader.
TARKIN
Yes.
OFFICER CASS
Our scout ships have reached
Dantooine. They found the remains of
a Rebel base, but they estimate that
it has been deserted for some time.
They are now conducting an extensive
search of the surrounding systems.
TARKIN
She lied! She lied to us!
VADER
I told you she would never consciously
betray the Rebellion.
TARKIN
Terminate her... immediately!
EXT. HYPERSPACE
The pirateship is just coming out of hyperspace; a strange
surreal light show surrounds the ship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
HAN
Stand by, Chewie, here we go. Cut in
the sublight engines.
Han pulls back on a control lever. Outside the cockpit window
stars begin streaking past, seem to decrease in speed, then
stop. Suddenly the starship begins to shudder and violently
shake about. Asteroids begin to race toward them, battering
the sides of the ship.
HAN
What the...? Aw, we've come out of
hyperspace into a meteor shower.
Some kind of asteroid collision.
It's not on any of the charts.
The Wookiee flips off several controls and seems very cool
in the emergency. Luke makes his way into the bouncing
cockpit.
LUKE
What's going on?
HAN
Our position is correct, except...
no, Alderaan!
LUKE
What do you mean? Where is it?
HAN
Thats what I'm trying to tell you,
kid. It ain't there. It's been totally
blown away.
LUKE
What? How?
Ben moves into the cockpit behind Luke as the ship begins to
settle down.
BEN
Destroyed... by the Empire!
HAN
The entire starfleet couldn't destroy
the whole planet. It'd take a thousand
ships with more fire power than
I've...
A signal starts flashing on the control panel and a muffled
alarm starts humming.
HAN
There's another ship coming in.
LUKE
Maybe they know what happened.
BEN
It's an Imperial fighter.
Chewbacca barks his concern. A huge explosion bursts outside
the cockpit window, shaking the ship violently. A tiny, finned
Imperial TIE fighter races past the cockpit window.
LUKE
It followed us!
BEN
No. It's a short range fighter.
HAN
There aren't any bases around here.
Where did it come from?
EXT. SPACE
The fighter races past the Corellian pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
LUKE
It sure is leaving in a big hurry.
If they identify us, we're in big
trouble.
HAN
Not if I can help it. Chewie...jam
it's transmissions.
BEN
It'd be as well to let it go. It's
too far out of range.
HAN
Not for long...
EXT. SPACE
The pirateship zooms over the camera and away into the
vastness of space after the Imperial TIE fighter.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
The tension mounts as the pirateship gains on the tiny
fighter. In the distance, one of the stars becomes brighter
until it is obvious that the TIE ship is heading for it. Ben
stands behind Chewbacca.
BEN
A fighter that size couldn't get
this deep into space on its own.
LUKE
It must have gotten lost, been part
of a convoy or something.
HAN
Well, he ain't going to be around
long enough to tell anyone about us.
EXT. SPACE
The TIE fighter is losing ground to the larger pirateship as
they race toward camera and disappear over head.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
The distant star can be distinguished as a small moon or
planet.
LUKE
Look at him. He's headed for that
small moon.
HAN
I think I can get him before he gets
there... he's almost in range.
The small moon begins to take on the appearance of a monstrous
spherical battle station.
BEN
That's no moon! It's a space station.
HAN
It's too big to be a space station.
LUKE
I have a very bad feeling about this.
HAN
Yeah, I think your right. Full
reverse! Chewie, lock in the auxiliary
power.
The pirateship shudders and the TIE fighter accelerates away
toward the gargantuan battle station.
LUKE
Why are we still moving towards it?
HAN
We're caught in a tractor beam! It's
pulling us in!
LUKE
But there's gotta be something you
can do!
HAN
There's nothin' I can do about it,
kid. I'm in full power. I'm going to
have to shut down. But they're not
going to get me without a fight!
Ben Kenobi puts a hand on his shoulder.
BEN
You can't win. But there are
alternatives to fighting.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - DEATH STAR
As the battered pirate starship is towed closer to the awesome
metal moon, the immense size of the massive battle station
becomes staggering. Running along the equator of the gigantic
sphere is a mile-high band of huge docking ports into which
the helpless pirateship is dragged.
EXT. DEATH STAR - HUGE PORT DOORS
The helpless Millennium Falcon is pulled past a docking port
control room and huge laser turret cannons.
VOICE OVER DEATH STAR INTERCOM
Clear Bay twenty-three-seven. We are opening the magnetic
field.
INT. DEATH STAR - DOCKING BAY 2037
The pirateship is pulled in through port doors of the Death
Star, coming to rest in a huge hangar. Thirty stormtroopers
stand at attention in a central assembly area.
OFFICER
To you stations!
(to another officer)
Come with me.
INT. DEATH STAR - HALLWAY
Stormtroopers run to their posts.
INT. DEATH STAR - HANGAR 2037
A line of stormtroopers march toward the pirateship in
readiness to board it, while other troopers stand with weapons
ready to fire.
OFFICER
Close all outboard shields! Close
all outboard shields!
INT. DEATH STAR - CONFERENCE ROOM
Tarkin pushes a button and responds to the intercom buzz.
TARKIN
Yes.
VOICE
(over intercom)
We've captured a freighter entering
the remains of the Alderaan system.
It's markings match those of a ship
that blasted its way out of Mos
Eisley.
VADER
They must be trying to return the
stolen plans to the princess. She
may yet be of some use to us.
INT. DEATH STAR - DOCKING BAY 2037
Vader and a commander approach the troops as an Officer and
several heavily armed troops exit the spacecraft.
VOICE
(over intercom)
Unlock one-five-seven and nine.
Release charges.
OFFICER
(to Vader)
There's no one on board, sir.
According to the log, the crew
abandoned ship right after takeoff.
It must be a decoy, sir. Several of
the escape pods have been jettisoned.
VADER
Did you find any droids?
OFFICER
No, sir. If there were any on board,
they must also have jettisoned.
VADER
Send a scanning crew on board. I
want every part of this ship checked.
OFFICER
Yes, sir.
VADER
I sense something... a presence I
haven't felt since...
Vader turns quickly and exits the hangar.
OFFICER
Get me a scanning crew in here on
the double. I want every part of
this ship checked!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - HALLWAY
A trooper runs through the hallway heading for the exit. In
a few moments all is quiet. The muffled sounds of a distant
officer giving orders finally fade. Two floor panels suddenly
pop up revealing Han Solo and Luke. Ben Kenobi sticks his
head out of a third locker.
LUKE
Boy, it's lucky you had these
compartments.
HAN
I use them for smuggling. I never
thought I'd be smuggling myself in
them. This is ridiculous. Even if I
could take off, I'd never get past
the tractor beam.
BEN
Leave that to me!
HAN
Damn fool. I knew that you were going
to say that!
BEN
Who's the more foolish... the fool
or the fool who follows him?
Han shakes his head, muttering to himself. Chewbacca agrees.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY
The crewmen carry a heavy box on board the ship, past the
two stormtroopers guarding either side of the ramp.
TROOPER
The ship's all yours. If the scanners
pick up anything, report it
immediately. All right, let's go.
The crewmen enter the pirateship and a loud crashing sound
is followed by a voice calling to the guard below.
HAN'S VOICE
Hey down there, could you give us a
hand with this?
The stormtroopers enter the ship and a quick round of gunfire
is heard.
INT. DEATH STAR - FORWARD BAY - COMMAND OFFICE
In a very small command office near the entrance to the
pirateship, a Gantry Officer looks out his window and notices
the guards are missing. He speaks into the comlink.
GANTRY OFFICER
TX-four-one-two. Why aren't you at
your post? TX-four-one-two, do you
copy?
A stormtrooper comes down the ramp of the pirateship and
waves to the gantry officer, pointing to his ear indicating
his comlink is not working. The gantry officer shakes his
head in disgust and heads for the door, giving his aide an
annoyed look.
GANTRY OFFICER
Take over. We've got a bad
transmitter. I'll see what I can do.
As the officer approaches the door, it slides open revealing
the towering Chewbacca. The gantry officer, in a momentary
state of shock, stumbles backward. With a bone- chilling
howl, the giant Wookiee flattens the officer with one blow.
The aide immediately reaches for his pistol, but is blasted
by Han, dressed as an Imperial stormtrooper. Ben and the
robots enter the room quickly followed by Luke, also dressed
as a stormtrooper. Luke quickly removes his helmet.
LUKE
You know, between his howling and
your blasting everything in sight,
it's a wonder the whole station
doesn't know we're here.
HAN
Bring them on! I prefer a straight
fight to all this sneaking around.
THREEPIO
We found the computer outlet, sir.
Ben feeds some information into the computer and a map of
the city appears on the monitor. He begins to inspect it
carefully. Threepio and Artoo look over the control panel.
Artoo finds something that makes him whistle wildly.
BEN
Plug in. He should be able to
interpret the entire Imperial computer
network.
Artoo punches his claw arm into the computer socket and the
vast Imperial brain network comes to life, feeding information
to the little robot. After a few moments, he beeps something.
THREEPIO
He says he's found the main computer
to power the tractor beam that's
holding the ship here. He'll try to
make the precise location appear on
the monitor.
The computer monitor flashes readouts.
THREEPIO
The tractor beam is coupled to the
main reactor in seven locations. A
power loss at one of the terminals
will allow the ship to leave.
Ben studies the data on the monitor readout.
BEN
I don't think you boys can help. I
must go alone.
HAN
Whatever you say. I've done more
that I bargained for on this trip
already.
LUKE
I want to go with you.
BEN
Be patient, Luke. Stay and watch
over the droids.
LUKE
But he can...
BEN
They must be delivered safely or
other star systems will suffer the
same fate as Alderaan. Your destiny
lies along a different path than
mine. The Force will be with you...
always!
Ben adjusts the lightsaber on his belt and silently steps
out of the command office, then disappears down a long grey
hallway. Chewbacca barks a comment and Han shakes his head
in agreement.
HAN
Boy you said it, Chewie.
Han looks at Luke.
HAN
Where did you dig up that old fossil?
LUKE
Ben is a great man.
HAN
Yeah, great at getting us into
trouble.
LUKE
I didn't hear you give any ideas...
HAN
Well, anything would be better than
just hanging around waiting for him
to pick us up...
LUKE
Who do you think...
Suddenly Artoo begins to whistle and beep a blue streak.
Luke goes over to him.
LUKE
What is it?
THREEPIO
I'm afraid I'm not quite sure, sir.
He says "I found her", and keeps
repeating, "She's here."
LUKE
Well, who... who has he found?
Artoo whistles a frantic reply.
THREEPIO
Princess Leia.
LUKE
The princess? She's here?
HAN
Princess? What's going on?
THREEPIO
Level five. Detention block A A-twenty-
three. I'm afraid she's scheduled to
be terminated.
LUKE
Oh, no! We've got to do something.
HAN
What are you talking about?
LUKE
The droid belongs to her. She's the
one in the message... We've got to
help her.
HAN
Now, look, don't get any funny ideas.
The old man wants us to wait right
here.
LUKE
But he didn't know she was here.
Look, will you just find a way back
into the detention block?
HAN
I'm not going anywhere.
LUKE
They're going to execute her. Look,
a few minutes ago you said you didn't
want to just wait here to be captured.
Now all you want to do is stay.
HAN
Marching into the detention area is
not what I had in mind.
LUKE
But they're going to kill her!
HAN
Better her than me...
LUKE
She's rich.
Chewbacca growls.
HAN
Rich?
LUKE
Yes. Rich, powerful! Listen, if you
were to rescue her, the reward would
be...
HAN
What?
LUKE
Well more wealth that you can imagine.
HAN
I don't know, I can imagine quite a
bit!
LUKE
You'll get it!
HAN
I better!
LUKE
You will...
HAN
All right, kid. But you'd better be
right about this.
Han looks at Chewie, who grunts a short grunt.
LUKE
All right.
HAN
What's your plan?
LUKE
Uh... Threepio, hand me those binders
there will you?
Luke moves toward Chewbacca with electronic cuffs.
LUKE
Okay. Now, I'm going to put these on
you.
Chewie lets out a hideous growl.
LUKE
Okay. Han, you put these on.
Luke sheepishly hands the binders to Han.
HAN
Don't worry, Chewie. I think I know
what he has in mind.
The Wookiee has a worried and frightened look on his face as
Han binds him with the electronic cuffs.
THREEPIO
Master Luke, sir! Pardon me for
asking... but, ah... what should
Artoo and I do if we're discovered
here?
LUKE
Lock the door!
HAN
And hope they don't have blasters.
THREEPIO
That isn't very reassuring.
Luke and Han put on their armored stormtrooper helmets and
start off into the giant Imperial Death Star.
INT. DEATH STAR - DETENTION AREA - ELEVATOR TUBE
Han and Luke try to look inconspicuous in their armored suits
as they wait for a vacuum elevator to arrive. Troops,
bureaucrats, and robots bustle about, ignoring the trio
completely. Only a few give the giant Wookiee a curious
glance.
Finally a small elevator arrives and the trio enters.
LUKE
I can't see a thing in this helmet.
A bureaucrat races to get aboard also, but is signaled away
by Han. The door to the pod-like vehicle slides closed and
the elevator car takes off through a vacuum tube.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN HALLWAY
Several Imperial officers walk through the wide main
passageway. They pass several stormtroopers and a robot
similar to Threepio but with an insect face. At the far end
of the hallway, a passing flash of Ben Kenobi appears, then
disappears down a small hallway. His appearance is so fleeting
that it is hard to tell if he is real or just an illusion.
No one in the hallway seems to notice him.
INT. DEATH STAR - INTERIOR ELEVATOR - DETENTION SECURITY
AREA
Luke and Han step forward to exit the elevator, but the door
slides open behind them. The giant Wookiee and his two guards
enter the old grey security station. Guards and laser gates
are everywhere. Han whispers to Luke under his breath.
HAN
This is not going to work.
LUKE
Why didn't you say so before?
HAN
I did say so before!
INT. DETENTION AREA
Elevator doors open. A tall, grim looking Officer approaches
the trio.
OFFICER
Where are you taking this... thing?
Chewie growls a bit at the remark but Han nudges him to shut
up.
LUKE
Prisoner transfer from Block one-one-
three-eight.
OFFICER
I wasn't notified. I'll have to clear
it.
The officer goes back to his console and begins to punch in
the information. There are only three other troopers in the
area. Luke and Han survey the situation, checking all of the
alarms, laser gates, and camera eyes. Han unfastens one of
Chewbacca's electronic cuffs and shrugs to Luke.
Suddenly Chewbacca throws up his hands and lets out with one
of his ear-piercing howls. He grabs Han's laser rifle.
HAN
Look out! He's loose!
LUKE
He's going to pull us all apart.
HAN
Go get him!
The startled guards are momentarily dumbfounded. Luke and
Han have already pulled out their laser pistols and are
blasting away at the terrifying Wookiee. Their barrage of
laserfire misses Chewbacca, but hits the camera eyes, laser
gate controls, and the Imperial guards. The officer is the
last of the guards to fall under the laserfire just as he is
about to push the alarm system. Han rushes to the comlink
system, which is screeching questions about what is going
on. He quickly checks the computer readout.
HAN
We've got to find out which cell
this princess of yours is in. Here
it is... cell twenty-one-eight-seven.
You go get her. I'll hold them here.
Luke races down one of the cell corridors. Han speaks into
the buzzing comlink.
HAN
(sounding official)
Everything is under control. Situation
normal.
INTERCOM VOICE
What happened?
HAN
(getting nervous)
Uh... had a slight weapons
malfunction. But, uh, everything's
perfectly all right now. We're fine.
We're all fine here, now, thank you.
How are you?
INTERCOM VOICE
We're sending a squad up.
HAN
Uh, uh, negative. We had a reactor
leak here now. Give us a few minutes
to lock it down. Large leak... very
dangerous.
INTERCOM VOICE
Who is this? What's your operating
number?
Han blasts the comlink and it explodes.
HAN
Boring conversation anyway.
(yelling down the
hall)
Luke! We're going to have company!
INT. DEATH STAR - CELL ROW
Luke stops in front of one of the cells and blasts the door
away with a laser pistol. When the smoke clears, Luke sees
the dazzling young princess-senator. She had been sleeping
and is now looking at him with an uncomprehending look on
her face. Luke is stunned by her incredible beauty and stands
staring at her with his mouth hanging open.
LEIA
(finally)
Aren't you a little short to be a
stormtrooper?
Luke takes off his helmet, coming out of it.
LUKE
What? Oh... the uniform. I'm Luke
Skywalker. I'm here to rescue you.
LEIA
You're who?
LUKE
I'm here to rescue you. I've got
your R2 unit. I'm here with Ben
Kenobi.
LEIA
Ben Kenobi is here! Where is he?
LUKE
Come on!
INT. DEATH STAR - CONFERENCE ROOM
Darth Vader paces the room as Governor Tarkin sits at the
far end of the conference table.
VADER
He is here...
TARKIN
Obi-Wan Kenobi! What makes you think
so?
VADER
A tremor in the Force. The last time
I felt it was in the presence of my
old master.
TARKIN
Surely he must be dead by now.
VADER
Don't underestimate the power of the
Force.
TARKIN
The Jedi are extinct, their fire has
gone out of the universe. You, my
friend, are all that's left of their
religion.
There is a quiet buzz on the comlink.
TARKIN
Yes.
INTERCOM VOICE
Governor Tarkin, we have an emergency
alert in detention block A A-twenty-
three.
TARKIN
The princess! Put all sections on
alert!
VADER
Obi-Wan is here. The Force is with
him.
TARKIN
If you're right, he must not be
allowed to escape.
VADER
Escape is not his plan. I must face
him alone.
INT. DEATH STAR - DETENTION AREA - HALLWAY
An ominous buzzing sound is heard on the other side of the
elevator door.
HAN
Chewie!
Chewbacca responds with a growling noise.
HAN
Get behind me! Get behind me!
A series of explosions knock a hole in the elevator door
through which several Imperial troops begin to emerge.
Han and Chewie fire laser pistols at them through the smoke
and flame. They turn and run down the cell hallway, meeting
up with Luke and Leia rushing toward them.
HAN
Can't get out that way.
LEIA
Looks like you managed to cut off
our only escape route.
HAN
(sarcastically)
Maybe you'd like it back in your
cell, Your Highness.
Luke takes a small comlink transmitter from his belt as they
continue to exchange fire with stormtroopers making their
way down the corridor.
LUKE
See-Threepio! See-Threepio!
THREEPIO
(over comlink)
Yes sir?
LUKE
We've been cut off! Are there any
other ways out of the cell bay?...
What was that? I didn't copy!
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN BAY GANTRY - CONTROL TOWER
Threepio paces the control center as little Artoo beeps and
whistles a blue streak. Threepio yells into the small comlink
transmitter.
THREEPIO
I said, all systems have been alerted
to your presence, sir. The main
entrance seems to be the only way in
or out; all other information on
your level is restricted.
Someone begins banging on the door.
TROOPER VOICE
Open up in there!
THREEPIO
Oh, no!
INT. DEATH STAR - DETENTION CORRIDOR
Luke and Leia crouch together in an alcove for protection as
they continue to exchange fire with troops. Han and Chewbacca
are barely able to keep the stormtroopers at bay at the far
and of the hallway. The laserfire is very intense, and smoke
fills the narrow cell corridor.
LUKE
There isn't any other way out.
HAN
I can't hold them off forever! Now
what?
LEIA
This is some rescue. When you came
in here, didn't you have a plan for
getting out?
HAN
(pointing to Luke)
He's the brains, sweetheart.
Luke manages a sheepish grin and shrugs his shoulders.
LUKE
Well, I didn't...
The princess grabs Luke's gun and fires at a small grate in
the wall next to Han, almost frying him.
HAN
What the hell are you doing?
LEIA
Somebody has to save our skins. Into
the garbage chute, wise guy.
She jumps through the narrow opening as Han and Chewbacca
look on in amazement. Chewbacca sniffs the garbage chute and
says something.
HAN
Get in there you big furry oaf! I
don't care what you smell! Get in
there and don't worry about it.
Han gives him a kick and the Wookiee disappears into the
tiny opening. Luke and Han continue firing as they work their
way toward the opening.
HAN
Wonderful girl! Either I'm going to
kill her or I'm beginning to like
her. Get in there!
Luke ducks laserfire as he jumps into the darkness. Han fires
off a couple of quick blasts creating a smokey cover, then
slides into the chute himself and is gone.
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
Han tumbles into the large room filled with garbage and muck.
Luke is already stumbling around looking for an exit. He
finds a small hatchway and struggles to get it open. It won't
budge.
HAN
(sarcastically)
Oh! The garbage chute was a really
wonderful idea. What an incredible
smell you've discovered! Let's get
out of here! Get away from there...
LUKE
No! wait!
Han draws his laser pistol and fires at the hatch. The
laserbolt ricochets wildly around the small metal room.
Everyone dives for cover in the garbage as the bolt explodes
almost on top of them. Leia climbs out of the garbage with a
rather grim look on her face.
LUKE
Will you forget it? I already tried
it. It's magnetically sealed!
LEIA
Put that thing away! You're going to
get us all killed.
HAN
Absolutely, Your Worship. Look, I
had everything under control until
you led us down here. You know, it's
not going to take them long to figure
out what happened to us.
LEIA
It could be worse...
A loud, horrible, inhuman moan works its way up from the
murky depths. Chewbacca lets out a terrified howl and begins
to back away. Han and Luke stand fast with their laser pistols
drawn. The Wookiee is cowering near one of the walls.
HAN
It's worse.
LUKE
There's something alive in here!
HAN
That's your imagination.
LUKE
Something just moves past my leg!
Look! Did you see that?
HAN
What?
LUKE
Help!
Suddenly Luke is yanked under the garbage.
HAN
Luke! Luke! Luke!
Solo tries to get to Luke. Luke surfaces with a gasp of air
and thrashing of limbs. A membrane tentacle is wrapped around
his throat.
LEIA
Luke!
Leia extends a long pipe toward him.
LEIA
Luke, Luke, grab a hold of this.
LUKE
Blast it, will you! My gun's jammed.
HAN
Where?
LUKE
Anywhere! Oh!!
Solo fires his gun downward. Luke is pulled back into the
muck by the slimy tentacle.
HAN
Luke! Luke!
Suddenly the walls of the garbage receptacle shudder and
move in a couple of inches. Then everything is deathly quiet.
Han and Leia give each other a worried look as Chewbacca
howls in the corner. With a rush of bubbles and muck Luke
suddenly bobs to the surface.
LEIA
Grab him!
Luke seems to be released by the thing.
LEIA
What happened?
LUKE
I don't know, it just let go of me
and disappeared...
HAN
I've got a very bad feeling about
this.
Before anyone can say anything the walls begin to rumble and
edge toward the Rebels.
LUKE
The walls are moving!
LEIA
Don't just stand there. Try to brace
it with something.
They place poles and long metal beams between the closing
walls, but they are simply snapped and bent as the giant
trashmasher rumbles on. The situation doesn't look too good.
LUKE
Wait a minute!
Luke pulls out his comlink.
LUKE
Threepio! Come in Threepio! Threepio!
Where could he be?
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN GANTRY - COMMAND OFFICE
A soft buzzer and the muted voice of Luke calling out for
See-Threepio can be heard on Threepio's hand comlink, which
is sitting on the deserted computer console. Artoo and
Threepio are nowhere in sight. Suddenly there is a great
explosion and the door of the control tower flies across the
floor. Four armed stormtroopers enter the chamber.
FIRST TROOPER
Take over!
(pointing to the dead
officer)
See to him! Look there!
A trooper pushes a button and the supply cabinet door slides
open. See-Threepio and Artoo-Detoo are inside. Artoo follows
his bronze companion out into the office.
THREEPIO
They're madmen! They're heading for
the prison level. If you hurry, you
might catch them.
FIRST OFFICER
(to his troops)
Follow me! You stand guard.
The troops hustle off down the hallway, leaving a guard to
watch over the command office.
THREEPIO
(to Artoo)
Come on!
The guard aims a blaster at them.
THREEPIO
Oh! All this excitement has overrun
the circuits of my counterpart here.
If you don't mind, I'd like to take
him down to maintenance.
TROOPER
All right.
The guard nods and Threepio, with little Artoo in tow, hurries
out the door.
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
As the walls rumble closed, the room gets smaller and smaller.
Chewie is whining and trying to hold a wall back with his
giant paws.
Han is leaning back against the other wall. Garbage is
snapping and popping. Luke is trying to reach Threepio.
LUKE
Threepio! Come in, Threepio! Threepio!
Han and Leia try to brace the contracting walls with a pole.
Leia begins to sink into the trash.
HAN
Get to the top!
LEIA
I can't
LUKE
Where could he be? Threepio! Threepio,
will you come in?
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
THREEPIO
They aren't here! Something must
have happened to them. See if they've
been captured.
Little Artoo carefully plugs his claw arm into a new wall
socket and a complex array of electronic sounds spew from
the tiny robot.
THREEPIO
Hurry!
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
The walls are only feet apart. Leia and Han are braced against
the walls. The princess is frightened. They look at each
other. Leia reaches out and takes Han's hand and she holds
it tightly. She's terrified and suddenly groans as she feels
the first crushing pressure against her body.
HAN
One thing's for sure. We're all going
to be a lot thinner!
(to Leia)
Get on top of it!
LEIA
I'm trying!
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
THREEPIO
(to Artoo)
Thank goodness, they haven't found
them! Where could they be?
Artoo frantically beeps something to See-Threepio.
THREEPIO
Use the comlink? Oh, my! I forgot I
turned it off!
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
Meanwhile, Luke is lying on his side, trying to keep his
head above the rising ooze. Luke's comlink begins to buzz
and he rips it off his belt.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
Muffled sounds of Luke's voice over the comlink can be heard,
but not distinctly.
THREEPIO
Are you there, sir?
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
LUKE
Threepio!
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
THREEPIO
We've had some problems...
LUKE
(over comlink)
Will you shut up and listen to me?
Shut down all garbage mashers on the
detention level, will you? Do you
copy?
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
LUKE
Shut down all the garbage mashers on
the detention level.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
LUKE
(over comlink)
Shut down all the garbage mashers on
the detention level.
THREEPIO
(to Artoo)
No. Shut them all down! Hurry!
Threepio holds his head in agony as he hears the incredible
screaming and hollering from Luke's comlink.
THREEPIO
Listen to them! They're dying, Artoo!
Curse my metal body! I wasn't fast
enough. It's all my fault! My poor
master!
LUKE
(over comlink)
Threepio, we're all right!
INT. DEATH STAR - GARBAGE ROOM
The screaming and hollering is the sound of joyous relief.
The walls have stopped moving. Han, Chewie and Leia embrace
in the background.
LUKE
We're all right. You did great.
Luke moves to the pressure sensitive hatch, looking for a
number.
LUKE
Hey... hey, open the pressure
maintenance hatch on unit number...
where are we?
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY - SERVICE PANEL
HAN
(over comlink)
Three-two-six-eight-two-seven.
INT. DEATH STAR - TRACTOR BEAM - POWER GENERATOR TRENCH
Ben enters a humming service trench that powers the huge
tractor beam. The trench seems to be a hundred miles deep.
The clacking sound of huge switching devices can be heard.
The old Jedi edges his his way along a narrow ledge leading
to a control panel that connects two large cables. He
carefully makes several adjustments in the computer terminal,
and several lights on the board go from red to blue.
INT. DEATH STAR - UNUSED HALLWAY
The group exits the garbage room into a dusty, unused hallway.
Han and Luke remove the trooper suits and strap on the blaster
belts.
HAN
If we can just avoid any more female
advice, we ought to be able to get
out of here.
Luke smiles and scratches his head as he takes a blaster
from Solo.
LUKE
Well, let's get moving!
Chewie begins growling and points to the hatch to the garbage
room, as he runs away and then stops howling.
HAN
(to Chewie)
Where are you going?
The Dia Nogu bangs against the hatch and a long, slimy
tentacle works its way out of the doorway searching for a
victim. Han aims his pistol.
LEIA
No, wait. They'll hear!
Han fires at the doorway. The noise of the blast echoes
relentlessly throughout the empty passageway. Luke simply
shakes his head in disgust.
HAN
(to Chewie)
Come here, you big coward!
Chewie shakes his head "no."
HAN
Chewie! Come here!
LEIA
Listen. I don't know who you are, or
where you came from, but from now
on, you do as I tell you. Okay?
Han is stunned at the command of the petite young girl.
HAN
Look, Your Worshipfulness, let's get
one thing straight! I take orders
from one person! Me!
LEIA
It's a wonder you're still alive.
(looking at Chewie)
Will somebody get this big walking
carpet out of my way?
Han watches her start away. He looks at Luke.
HAN
No reward is worth this.
They follow her, moving swiftly down the deserted corridor.
INT. DEATH STAR - POWER TRENCH
Suddenly a door behind Ben slides open and a detachment of
stormtroopers marches to the power trench. Ben instantly
slips into the shadows as an Officer moves to within a few
feet of him.
OFFICER
Secure this area until the alert is
canceled.
FIRST TROOPER
Give me regular reports.
All but two of the stormtroopers leave.
FIRST TROOPER
Do you know what's going on?
SECOND TROOPER
Maybe it's another drill.
Ben moves around the tractor beam, watching the stormtroopers
as they turn their backs to him. Ben gestures with his hand
toward them, as the troops think they hear something in the
other hallway. With the help of the Force, Ben deftly slips
past the troopers and into the main hallway.
SECOND TROOPER
What was that?
FIRST TROOPER
Oh, it's nothing. Don't worry about
it.
INT. DEATH STAR - HALLWAY
Luke, Han, Chewbacca, and Leia run down an empty hallway and
stop before a bay window overlooking the pirateship. Troopers
are milling about the ship. Luke takes out his pocket comlink.
HAN
(looking at his ship)
There she is.
LUKE
See-Threepio, do you copy?
THREEPIO
(voice)
For the moment. Uh, we're in the
main hangar across from the ship.
LUKE
We're right above you. Stand by.
Han is watching the dozen or so troops moving in and out of
the pirateship. Leia moves towards Han, touches his arm and
points out the window to the ship.
LEIA
You came in that thing? You're braver
that I thought.
HAN
Nice! Come on!
Han gives her a dirty look, and they start off down the
hallway. They round a corner and run right into twenty
Imperial stormtroopers heading toward them. Both groups are
taken by surprise and stop in their tracks.
FIRST TROOPER
It's them! Blast them!
Before even thinking, Han draws his laser pistol and charges
the troops, firing. His blaster knocks one of the
stormtroopers into the air. Chewie follows his captain down
the corridor, stepping over the fallen trooper on the floor.
HAN
(to Luke and Leia)
Get back to the ship!
LUKE
Where are you going? Come back!
Han has already rounded a corner and does not hear.
LEIA
He certainly has courage.
LUKE
What good will it do us if he gets
himself killed? Come on!
Luke is furious but doesn't have time to think about it for
muted alarms begin to go off down on the hangar deck. Luke
and Leia start off toward the starship hangar.
INT. DEATH STAR - SUBHALLWAY
Han chases the stormtroopers down a long subhallway. He is
yelling and brandishing his laser pistol. The troops reach a
dead end and are forced to turn and fight. Han stops a few
feet from them and assumes a defensive position. The troops
begin to raise their laser guns. Soon all ten troopers are
moving into an attack position in front of the lone
starpirate. Han's determined look begins to fade as the troops
begin to advance. Solo jumps backward as they fire at him.
INT. DEATH STAR - SUBHALLWAY
Chewbacca runs down the subhallway in a last-ditch attempt
to save his bold captain. Suddenly he hears the firing of
laser guns and yelling. Around the corner shoots Han, pirate
extraordinaire, running for his life, followed by a host of
furious stormtroopers. Chewbacca turns and starts running
the other way also.
INT. DEATH STAR - SUBHALLWAY
Luke fires his laser pistol wildly as he and Leia rush down
a narrow subhallway, chased by several stormtroopers. They
quickly reach the end of the subhallway and race through an
open hatchway.
INT. DEATH STAR - CENTRAL CORE SHAFT
Luke and Leia race through the hatch onto a narrow bridge
that spans a huge, deep shaft that seems to go into infinity.
The bridge has been retracted into the wall of the shaft,
and Luke almost rushes into the abyss. He loses his balance
off the end of the bridge as Leia, behind him, takes hold of
his arm and pulls him back.
LUKE
(gasping)
I think we took a wrong turn.
Blasts from the stormtroopers' laser guns explode nearby
reminding them of the oncoming danger. Luke fires back at
the advancing troops. Leia reaches over and hits a switch
that pops the hatch door shut with a resounding boom, leaving
them precariously perched on a short piece of bridge overhang.
Laserfire from the troopers continues to hit the steel door.
LEIA
There's no lock!
Luke blasts the controls with his laser pistol.
LUKE
That oughta hold it for a while.
LEIA
Quick, we've got to get across. Find
the control that extends the bridge.
LUKE
Oh, I think I just blasted it.
Luke looks at the blasted bridge control while the
stormtroopers on the opposite side of the door begin making
ominous drilling and pounding sounds.
LEIA
They're coming through!
Luke notices something on his stormtrooper belt, when
laserfire hits the wall behind him. Luke aims his laser pistol
at a stormtrooper perched on a higher bridge overhang across
the abyss from them. They exchange fire. Two more troops
appear on another overhang, also firing. A trooper is hit,
and grabs at his chest.
Another trooper standing on the bridge overhang is hit by
Luke's laserfire, and plummets down the shaft. Troopers move
back off the bridge; Luke hands the gun to Leia.
LUKE
Here, hold this.
Luke pulls a thin nylon cable from his trooper utility belt.
It has a grappler hook on it. A trooper appears on a bridge
overhang and fires at Luke and Leia. As Luke works with the
rope, Leia returns the laser volley. Another trooper appears
and fires at them, as Leia returns his fire as well.
Suddenly, the hatch door begins to open, revealing the feet
of more troops.
LEIA
Here they come!
Leia hits one of the stormtroopers on the bridge above, and
he falls into the abyss. Luke tosses the rope across the
gorge and it wraps itself around an outcropping of pipes. He
tugs on the rope to make sure it is secure, then grabs the
princess in his arms. Leia looks at Luke, then kisses him
quickly on the lips. Luke is very surprised.
LEIA
For luck!
Luke pushes off and they swing across the treacherous abyss
to the corresponding hatchway on the opposite side. Just as
Luke and Leia reach the far side of the canyon, the
stormtroopers break through the hatch and begin to fire at
the escaping duo. Luke returns the fire before ducking into
the tiny subhallway.
INT. DEATH STAR - NARROW PASSAGEWAY
Ben hides in the shadows of the narrow passageway as several
stormtroopers rush past him in the main hallway. He checks
to make sure they're gone, then runs down the hallway in the
opposite direction. Darth Vader appears at the far end of
the hallway and starts after the old Jedi.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY
Threepio looks around at the troops milling about the
pirateship entry ramp.
THREEPIO
Where could they be?
Artoo, plugged into the computer socket, turns his dome left
and right, beeping a response.
INT. DEATH STAR - CORRIDOR - BLAST SHIELDS DOOR
Han and Chewbacca run down a long corridor with several
troopers hot on their trail.
TROOPER
Close the blast doors!
At the end of the hallway, blast doors begin to close in
front of them. The young starpilot and his furry companion
race past the huge doors just as they are closing, and manage
to get off a couple off laserblasts at the pursuing troops
before the doors slam shut.
TROOPER
Open the blast doors! Open the blast
doors!
INT. DEATH STAR - HALLWAY LEADING TO MAIN FORWARD BAY
Ben hurries along one of the tunnels leading to the hangar
where the pirateship waits. Just before he reaches the hangar,
Darth Vader steps into view at the end of the tunnel, not
ten feet away. Vader lights his saber. Ben also ignites his
and steps slowly forward.
VADER
I've been waiting for you, Obi-Wan.
We meet again, at last. The circle
is now complete.
Ben Kenobi moves with elegant ease into a classical offensive
position. The fearsome Dark Knight takes a defensive stance.
VADER
When I left you, I was but the
learner; now I am the master.
BEN
Only a master of evil, Darth.
The two Galactic warriors stand perfectly still for a few
moments, sizing each other up and waiting for the right
moment. Ben seems to be under increasing pressure and strain,
as if an invisible weight were being placed upon him. He
shakes his head and, blinking, tries to clear his eyes.
Ben makes a sudden lunge at the huge warrior but is checked
by a lightning movement of The Sith. A masterful slash stroke
by Vader is blocked by the old Jedi. Another of the Jedi's
blows is blocked, then countered. Ben moves around the Dark
Lord and starts backing into the massive starship hangar.
The two powerful warriors stand motionless for a few moments
with laser swords locked in mid-air, creating a low buzzing
sound.
VADER
Your powers are weak, old man.
BEN
You can't win, Darth. If you strike
me down, I shall become more powerful
than you can possibly imagine.
Their lightsabers continue to meet in combat.
INT. DEATH STAR - MAIN FORWARD BAY
Han Solo and Chewbacca, their weapons in hand, lean back
against the wall surveying the forward bay, watching the
Imperial stormtroopers make their rounds of the hangar.
HAN
Didn't we just leave this party?
Chewbacca growls a reply, as Luke and the princess join them.
HAN
What kept you?
LEIA
We ran into some old friends.
LUKE
Is the ship all right?
HAN
Seems okay, if we can get to it.
Just hope the old man got the tractor
beam out of commission.
INT. DEATH STAR - HALLWAY
Vader and Ben Kenobi continue their powerful duel. As they
hit their lightsabers together, lightning flashes on impact.
Troopers look on in interest as the old Jedi and Dark Lord
of The Sith fight. Suddenly Luke spots the battle from his
group's vantage point.
LUKE
Look!
Luke, Leia, Han, and Chewie look up and see Ben and Vader
emerging from the hallways on the far side of the docking
bay.
INT. DEATH STAR - DOCKING BAY
Threepio and Artoo-Detoo are in the center of the Death Star's
Imperial docking bay.
THREEPIO
Come on, Artoo, we're going!
Threepio ducks out of sight as the seven stormtroopers who
were guarding the starship rush past them heading towards
Ben and The Sith Knight. He pulls on Artoo.
INT. DEATH STAR - HALLWAY
Solo, Chewie, Luke, and Leia tensely watch the duel. The
troops rush toward the battling knights.
HAN
Now's our chance! Go!
They start for the Millennium Falcon. Ben sees the troops
charging toward him and realizes that he is trapped. Vader
takes advantage of Ben's momentary distraction and brings
his mighty lightsaber down on the old man. Ben manages to
deflect the blow and swiftly turns around.
The old Jedi Knight looks over his shoulder at Luke, lifts
his sword from Vader's then watches his opponent with a serene
look on his face.
Vader brings his sword down, cutting old Ben in half. Ben's
cloak falls to the floor in two parts, but Ben is not in it.
Vader is puzzled at Ben's disappearance and pokes at the
empty cloak. As the guards are distracted, the adventurers
and the robots reach the starship. Luke sees Ben cut in two
and starts for him. Aghast, he yells out.
LUKE
No!
The stormtroopers turn toward Luke and begin firing at him.
The robots are already moving up the ramp into the Millennium
Falcon, while Luke, transfixed by anger and awe, returns
their fire. Solo joins in the laserfire. Vader looks up and
advances toward them, as one of his troopers is struck down.
HAN
(to Luke)
Come on!
LEIA
Come on! Luke, its too late!
HAN
Blast the door! Kid!
Luke fires his pistol at the door control panel, and it
explodes. The door begins to slide shut. Three troopers charge
forward firing laser bolts, as the door slides to a close
behind them, shutting Vader and the other troops out of the
docking bay. A stormtrooper lies dead at the feet of his
onrushing compatriots. Luke starts for the advancing troops,
as Solo and Leia move up the ramp into the pirateship. He
fires, hitting a stormtrooper, who crumbles to the floor.
BEN'S VOICE
Run, Luke! Run!
Luke looks around to see where the voice came from. He turns
toward the pirateship, ducking Imperial gunfire from the
troopers and races into the ship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Han pulls back on the controls and the ship begins to move.
The dull thud of laser bolts bouncing off the outside of the
ship as Chewie adjusts his controls.
HAN
I hope the old man got that tractor
beam out if commission, or this is
going to be a real short trip. Okay,
hit it!
Chewbacca growls in agreement.
EXT. MILLENNIUM FALCON
The Millennium Falcon powers away from the Death Star docking
bay, makes a spectacular turn and disappears into the vastness
of space.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - CENTRAL HOLD AREA
Luke, saddened by the loss of Obi-Wan Kenobi, stares off
blankly as the robots look on. Leia puts a blanket around
him protectively, and Luke turns and looks up at her. She
sits down beside him.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Solo spots approaching enemy ships.
HAN
(to Chewie)
We're coming up on the sentry ships.
Hold 'em off! Angle the deflector
shields while I charge up the main
guns!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - CENTRAL HOLD AREA
Luke looks downward sadly, shaking his head back and forth,
as the princess smiles comfortingly at him.
LUKE
I can't believe he's gone.
Artoo-Detoo beeps a reply.
LEIA
There wasn't anything you could have
done.
Han rushes into the hold area where Luke is sitting with the
princess.
HAN
(to Luke)
Come on, buddy, we're not out of
this yet!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS - COCKPIT
Solo climbs into his attack position in the topside gunport.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - HOLD AREA
Luke gets up and moves out toward the gunports as Leia heads
for the cockpit.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS - COCKPIT
Luke climbs down the ladder into the gunport cockpit, settling
into one of the two main laser cannons mounted in large
rotating turrets on either side of the ship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - SOLO'S GUNPORT
Han adjusts his headset as he sits before the controls of
his laser cannon, then speaks into the attached microphone.
HAN
(to Luke)
You in, kid? Okay, stay sharp!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS - COCKPIT
Chewbacca and Princess Leia search the heavens for attacking
TIE fighters. The Wookiee pulls back on the speed controls
as the ship bounces slightly.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - SOLO'S GUNPORT - COCKPIT
Computer graphic readouts form on Solo's target screen, as
Han reaches for controls.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORT - COCKPIT
Luke sits in readiness for the attack, his hand on the laser
cannon's control button.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT.
Chewbacca spots the enemy ships and barks.
LEIA
(into intercom)
Here they come!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT - POV (POINT OF VIEW) -
SPACE
The Imperial TIE fighters move towards the Millennium Falcon,
one each veering off to the left and right of the pirateship.
INT. TIE FIGHTER - COCKPIT
The stars whip past behind the Imperial pilot as he adjusts
his maneuvering joy stick.
EXT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - IN SPACE
The TIE fighter races past the Falcon, firing laser beams as
it passes.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - HOLD AREA
Threepio is seated in the hold area, next to Artoo-Detoo.
The pirateship bounces and vibrates as the power goes out in
the room and then comes back on.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT - GUNPORTS
A TIE fighter maneuvers in front of Han, who follows it and
fires at it with the laser cannon. Luke does likewise, as
the fighter streaks into view. The ship has suffered a minor
hit, and bounces slightly.
EXT. SPACE
Two TIE fighters dive down toward the pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Luke fires at an unseen fighter.
LUKE
They're coming in too fast!
EXT. SPACE - MILLENNIUM FALCON/TIE FIGHTERS
Pan with pirateship as two TIE fighters charge through the
background. Laserbolts streak from all the craft.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - CHEWBACCA
The ship shudders as a laserbolt hits very close to the
cockpit. The Wookiee chatters something to Leia.
EXT. TIE FIGHTER - SPACE
Full shot of a TIE fighter as it moves fast through the frame,
firing on the pirate starship.
EXT. SPACE - TIE FIGHTERS
The two TIE fighters fire a barrage of laserbeams at the
pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - MAIN PASSAGEWAY
A laserbolt streaks into the side of the pirateship. The
ship lurches violently, throwing poor Threepio into a cabinet
fill of small computer chips.
THREEPIO
Oooh!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT - GUNPORTS
Leia watches the computer readout as Chewbacca manipulates
the ship's controls.
LEIA
We've lost lateral controls.
HAN
Don't worry, she'll hold together.
An enemy laserbolt hits the pirateship's control panel,
causing it to blow out in a shower of sparks.
HAN
(to ship)
You hear me, baby? Hold together!
Artoo-Detoo advances toward the smoking sparking control
panel, dousing the inferno by spraying it with fire retardant
beeping all the while.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORT
Luke swivels in his gun mount, following the TIE fighter
with his laser cannon.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORT
Solo aims his laser cannon at the enemy fighter.
EXT. SPACE
A TIE fighter streaks in front of the starship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Leia watches the TIE fighter ship fly over.
EXT. SPACE
A TIE fighter heads right for the pirateship, then zooms
overhead.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Luke follows the TIE fighter across his field of view, firing
laserbeams from his cannon.
EXT. TIE FIGHTER
A TIE fighter dives past the pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Luke fires at a TIE fighter. At his port, Han follows a
fighter in his sights, releasing a blast of laserfire. He
connects, and the fighter explodes into fiery dust. Han laughs
victoriously.
EXT. SPACE
Two TIE fighters move toward and over the Millennium Falcon,
unleashing a barrage of laserbolts at the ship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Another TIE fighter moves in on the pirateship and Luke,
smiling, fires the laser cannon at it, scoring a spectacular
direct hit.
LUKE
Got him! I got him!
Han turns and gives Luke a victory wave which Luke gleefully
returns.
HAN
Great kid! Don't get cocky.
Han turns back to his laser cannon.
EXT. SPACE
Two more TIE fighters cross in front of the pirateship.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
While Chewbacca manipulates the controls, Leia turns, looking
over her shoulder out the ports.
LEIA
There are still two more of them out
there!
EXT. SPACE
A TIE fighter moves up over the pirateship, firing laserblasts
at it.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Luke and Han look into their respective projected target
screens. An Imperial fighter crosses Solo's port, and Han
swivels in his chair, following it with blasts from his laser
cannon. Another fighter crosses Luke's port, and he reacts
in a like manner, the glow of his target screen lighting his
face.
EXT. SPACE
The TIE fighter zooms toward the pirateship, firing
destructive blasts at it.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORTS
Luke fires a laserblast at the approaching enemy fighter,
and it bursts into a spectacular explosion. Luke's projected
screen gives a readout of the hit. The pirateship bounces
slightly as it is struck by the enemy fire.
EXT. SPACE - TIE FIGHTER
The last of the attacking Imperial TIE fighters looms in,
firing upon the Falcon.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - GUNPORT
Solo swivels behind his cannon, his aim describing the arc
of the TIE fighter. The fighter comes closer, firing at the
pirateship, but a well-aimed blast from Solo's laser cannon
hits the attacker, which blows up in a small atomic shower
of burning fragments.
LUKE
(laughing)
That's it! We did it!
The princess jumps up and gives Chewie a congratulatory hug.
LEIA
We did it!
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - PASSAGEWAY
Threepio lies on the floor of the ship, completely tangled
in the smoking, sparking wires.
THREEPIO
Help! I think I'm melting!
(to Artoo)
This is all your fault.
Artoo turns his dome from side to side, beeping in response.
EXT. SPACE - MILLENNIUM FALCON
The victorious Millennium Falcon moves off majestically
through space.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Darth Vader strides into the control room, where Tarkin is
watching the huge view screen. A sea of stars is before him.
TARKIN
Are they away?
VADER
They have just made the jump into
hyperspace.
TARKIN
You're sure the homing beacon is
secure aboard their ship? I'm taking
an awful risk, Vader. This had better
work.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Han, removes his gloves and smiling, is at the controls of
the ship. Chewie moves into the aft section to check the
damage. Leia is seated near Han.
HAN
Not a bad bit of rescuing, huh? You
know, sometimes I even amaze myself.
LEIA
That doesn't sound too hard. Besides,
they let us go. It's the only
explanation for the ease of our
escape.
HAN
Easy... you call that easy?
LEIA
Their tracking us!
HAN
Not this ship, sister.
Frustrated, Leia shakes her head.
LEIA
At least the information in Artoo is
still intact.
HAN
What's so important? What's he
carrying?
LEIA
The technical readouts of that battle
station. I only hope that when the
data is analyzed, a weakness can be
found. It's not over yet!
HAN
It is for me, sister! Look, I ain't
in this for your revolution, and I'm
not in it for you, Princess. I expect
to be well paid. I'm in it for the
money!
LEIA
You needn't worry about your reward.
If money is all that you love, then
that's what you'll receive!
She angrily turns, and as she starts out of the cockpit,
passes Luke coming in.
LEIA
Your friend is quite a mercenary. I
wonder if he really cares about
anything... or anyone.
LUKE
I care!
Luke, shaking his head, sits in the copilot seat. He and Han
stare out at the vast blackness of space.
LUKE
So... what do you think of her, Han?
HAN
I'm trying not to, kid!
LUKE
(under his breath)
Good...
HAN
Still, she's got a lot of spirit. I
don't know, what do you think? Do
you think a princess and a guy like
me...
LUKE
No!
Luke says it with finality and looks away. Han smiles at
young Luke's jealousy.
EXT. SPACE AROUND FOURTH MOON OF YAVIN
The battered pirateship drifts into orbit around the planet
Yavin and proceeds to one of its tiny green moons.
EXT. FOURTH MOON OF YAVIN
The pirateship soars over the dense jungle.
EXT. MASSASSI OUTPOST
An alert guard, his laser gun in hand, scans the countryside.
He sets the gun down and looks toward the temple, barely
visible in the foliage.
EXT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - JUNGLE TEMPLE
Rotting in a forest of gargantuan trees, an ancient temple
lies shrouded in an eerie mist. The air is heavy with the
fantastic cries of unimaginable creatures. Han, Luke and the
others are greeted by the Rebel troops.
Luke and the group ride into the massive temple on an armored
military speeder.
INT. MASSASSI - MAIN HANGAR DECK
The military speeder stops in a huge spaceship hangar, set
up in the interior of the crumbling temple. Willard, the
commander of the Rebel forces, rushes up to the group and
gives Leia a big hug. Every one is pleased to see her.
WILLARD
(holding Leia)
You're safe! We had feared the worst.
Willard composes himself, steps back and bows formally.
WILLARD
When we heard about Alderaan, we
were afraid that you were... lost
along with your father.
LEIA
We don't have time for our sorrows,
Commander. The battle station has
surely tracked us here.
(looking pointedly to
Han)
It's the only explanation for the
ease of our escape. You must use the
information in this R2 unit to plan
the attack. It is our only hope.
EXT. SPACE
The surface of the Death Star ominously approaches the red
planet Yavin.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Grand Moff Tarkin and Lord Vader are interrupted in their
discussion by the buzz of the comlink. Tarkin moves to answer
the call.
TARKIN
Yes.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
We are approaching the planet Yavin. The Rebel base is on a
moon on the far side. We are preparing to orbit the planet.
EXT. YAVIN - JUNGLE
A lone guard stands in a tower high above the Yavin landscape,
surveying the countryside. A mist hangs over the jungle of
twisted green.
INT. MASSASSI - WAR ROOM BRIEFING AREA
Dodonna stands before a large electronic wall display. Leia
and several other senators are to one side of the giant
readout. The low-ceilinged room is filled with starpilots,
navigators, and a sprinkling of R2-type robots. Everyone is
listening intently to what Dodonna is saying. Han and
Chewbacca are standing near the back.
DODONNA
The battle station is heavily shielded
and carries a firepower greater than
half the star fleet. It's defenses
are designed around a direct large-
scale assault. A small one-man fighter
should be able to penetrate the outer
defense.
Gold Leader, a rough looking man in his early thirties, stands
and addresses Dodonna.
GOLD LEADER
Pardon me for asking, sir, but what
good are snub fighters going to be
against that?
DODONNA
Well, the Empire doesn't consider a
small one-man fighter to be any
threat, or they'd have a tighter
defense. An analysis of the plans
provided by Princess Leia has
demonstrated a weakness in the battle
station.
Artoo-Detoo stands next to a similar robot, makes beeping
sounds, and turns his head from right to left.
DODONNA
The approach will not be easy. You
are required to maneuver straight
down this trench and skim the surface
to this point. The target area is
only two meters wide. It's a small
thermal exhaust port, right below
the main port. The shaft leads
directly to the reactor system. A
precise hit will start a chain
reaction which should destroy the
station.
A murmer of disbelief runs through the room.
DODONNA
Only a precise hit will set up a
chain reaction. The shaft is ray-
shielded, so you'll have to use proton
torpedoes.
Luke is sitting next to Wedge Antilles, a hotshot pilot about
sixteen years old.
WEDGE
That's impossible, even for a
computer.
LUKE
It's not impossible. I used to bull's-
eye womp rats in my T-sixteen back
home. They're not much bigger than
two meters.
DODONNA
Man your ships! And may the Force be
with you!
The group rises and begins to leave.
EXT. SPACE
The Death Star begins to move around the planet toward the
tiny green moon.
INT. DEATH STAR
Tarkin and Vader watch the computer projected screen with
interest, as a circle of lights intertwines around one another
on the screen showing it's position in relation to Yavin and
the forth moon.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
Orbiting the planet at maximum velocity. The moon with the
Rebel base will be in range in thirty minutes.
VADER
This will be a day long remembered.
It has seen the end of Kenobi and it
will soon see the end of the
Rebellion.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - MAIN HANGAR DECK
Luke, Threepio and little Artoo enter the huge spaceship
hangar and hurry along a long line of gleaming spacefighters.
Flight crews rush around loading last-minute armaments and
unlocking power couplings. In an area isolated from this
activity Luke finds Han and Chewbacca loading small boxes
onto an armored speeder.
MAN'S VOICE
(over loudspeaker)
All flight trooper, man your stations.
All flight troops, man your stations.
Han is deliberately ignoring the activity of the fighter
pilots' preparation. Luke is quite saddened at the sight of
his friend's departure.
LUKE
So... you got your reward and you're
just leaving then?
HAN
That's right, yeah! I got some old
debts I've got to pay off with this
stuff. Even if I didn't, you don't
think I'd be fool enough to stick
around here, do you? Why don't you
come with us? You're pretty good in
a fight. I could use you.
LUKE
(getting angry)
Come on! Why don't you take a look
around? You know what's about to
happen, what they're up against.
They could use a good pilot like
you. You're turning your back on
them.
HAN
What good's a reward if you ain't
around to use it? Besides, attacking
that battle station ain't my idea of
courage. It's more like suicide.
LUKE
All right. Well, take care of
yourself, Han. I guess that's what
you're best at, isn't it?
Luke goes off and Han hesitates, then calls to him.
HAN
Hey, Luke... may the Force be with
you!
Luke turns and sees Han wink at him. Luke lifts his hand in
a small wave and then goes off.
Han turns to Chewie who growls at his captain,
HAN
What're you lookin' at? I know what
I'm doing.
INT. MAIN HANGAR DECK - LUKE'S SHIP
Luke, Leia, and Dodonna meet under a huge space fighter.
LEIA
What's wrong?
LUKE
Oh, it's Han! I don't know, I really
thought he'd change his mind.
LEIA
He's got to follow his own path. No
one can choose it for him.
LUKE
I only wish Ben were here.
Leia gives Luke a little kiss, turns, and goes off. As Luke
heads for his ship, another pilot rushes up to him and grabs
his arm.
BIGGS
Luke! I don't believe it! How'd you
get here... are you going out with
us?!
LUKE
Biggs! Of course, I'll be up there
with you! Listen, have I got some
stories to tell...
Red Leader, a rugged handsome man in his forties, comes up
behind Luke and Biggs. He has the confident smile of a born
leader.
RED LEADER
Are you... Luke Skywalker? Have you
been checked out on the Incom T-sixty-
five?
BIGGS
Sir, Luke is the best bushpilot in
the outer rim territories.
Red Leader pats Luke on the back as they stop in front of
his fighter.
RED LEADER
I met your father once when I was
just a boy, he was a great pilot.
You'll do all right. If you've got
half of your father's skill, you'll
do better than all right.
LUKE
Thank you, sir. I'll try.
Red Leader hurries to his own ship.
BIGGS
I've got to get aboard. Listen, you'll
tell me your stories when we come
back. All right?
LUKE
I told you I'd make it someday, Biggs.
BIGGS
(going off)
You did, all right. It's going to be
like old times, Luke. We're a couple
of shooting stars that'll never be
stopped!
Luke laughs and shakes his head in agreement. He heads for
his ship.
As Luke begins to climb up the ladder into his sleek, deadly
spaceship, the crew chief, who is working on the craft, points
to little Artoo, who is being hoisted into a socket on the
back of the fighter.
CHIEF
This R2 unit of your seems a bit
beat up. Do you want a new one?
LUKE
Not on your life! That little droid
and I have been through a lot
together.
(to Artoo)
You okay, Artoo?
The crewmen lower Artoo-Detoo into the craft. Now a part of
the exterior shell of the starship, the little droid beeps
that he is fine.
Luke climbs up into the cockpit of his fighter and puts an
his helmet. Threepio looks on from the floor of the massive
hangar as the crewmen secure his little electronic partner
into Luke's X-wing. It's an emotional-filled moment as Artoo
beeps good-bye.
CHIEF
Okay, easy she goes!
THREEPIO
Hang on tight,Artoo, you've got to
come back.
Artoo beeps in agreement.
THREEPIO
You wouldn't want my life to get
boring, would you?
Artoo whistles his reply.
All final preparations are made for the approaching battle.
The hangar is buzzing with the last minute activity as the
pilots and crewmen alike make their final adjustments. The
hum of activity is occasionally trespassed by the distorted
voice of the loudspeaker issuing commands. Coupling hoses
are disconnected from the ships as they are fueled. Cockpit
shields roll smoothly into place over each pilot. A signalman,
holding red guiding lights, directs the ships. Luke, a trace
of a smile gracing his lips, peers about through his goggles.
BEN'S VOICE
Luke, the Force will be with you.
Luke is confused at the voice and taps his headphones.
EXT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - JUNGLE
All that can be seen of the fortress is a lone guard standing
on a small pedestal jutting out above the dense jungle. The
muted gruesome crying sounds that naturally permeate this
eerie purgatory are overwhelmed by the thundering din of ion
rockets as four silver starships catapult from the foliage
in a tight formation and disappears into the morning cloud
cover.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
The princess, Threepio, and a field commander sit quietly
before the giant display showing the planet Yavin and its
four moons. The red dot that represents the Death Star moves
ever closer to the system. A series of green dots appear
around the fourth moon. A din of indistinct chatter fills
the war room.
MASSASSI INTERCOM VOICE
Stand-by alert. Death Star
approaching. Estimated time to firing
range, fifteen minutes.
EXT. SPACE
The Death Star slowly moves behind the massive yellow surface
of Yavin in the foreground, as many X-wing fighters flying
in formation zoom toward us and out of the frame.
EXT. SPACE - ANOTHER ANGLE
Light from a distant sun creates an eerie atmospheric glow
around a huge planet, Yavin. Rebel fighters flying in
formation settle ominously in the foreground and very slowly
pull away.
INT. RED LEADER STARSHIP - COCKPIT
Red Leader lowers his visor and adjusts his gun sights,
looking to each side at his wing men.
RED LEADER
All wings report in.
INT. ANOTHER COCKPIT
One of the Rebel fighters checks in through his mike.
RED TEN
Red Ten standing by.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Biggs checks his fighter's controls, alert and ready for
combat.
RED SEVEN
(over Biggs' headset)
Red Seven standing by.
BIGGS
Red Three standing by.
INT. PORKINS' COCKPIT
PORKINS
Red Six standing by.
RED NINE
(over headset)
Red Nine standing by.
INT. WEDGE'S FIGHTER - COCKPIT
WEDGE
Red Two standing by.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
RED ELEVEN
(over headset)
Red Eleven standing by.
LUKE
Red Five standing by.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Artoo-Detoo, in position outside of the fighter, turns his
head from side to side and makes beeping sounds.
INT. RED LEADER'S FIGHTER - COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Lock S-foils in attack position.
EXT. SPACE
The group of X-wing fighters move in formation toward the
Death Star, unfolding the wings and locking them in the "X"
position.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
READ LEADER
(over headset)
We're passing through their magnetic
field.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Hold tight!
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke adjusts his controls as he concentrates on the
approaching Death Star. The ship begins to be buffeted
slightly.
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Switch your deflectors on.
INT. ANOTHER COCKPIT
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Double front!
EXT. SPACE
The fighters, now X-shaped darts, move in formation. The
Death Star now appears to be a small moon growing rapidly in
size as the Rebel fighters approach. Complex patterns on the
metallic surface begin to become visible. A large dish antenna
is built into the surface on one side.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
Wedge is amazed and slightly frightened at the awesome
spectacle.
WEDGE
Look at the size of that thing!
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Cut the chatter, Red Two.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Accelerate to attack speed. This is
it, boys!
EXT. SPACE
As the fighters move closer to the Death Star, the awesome
size of the gargantuan Imperial fortress is revealed. Half
of the deadly space station is in shadow and this area
sparkles with thousands of small lights running in thin lines
and occasionally grouped in large clusters; somewhat like a
city at night as seen from a weather satellite.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S COCKPIT
GOLD LEADER
Red Leader, this is Gold Leader.
RED LEADER
(over headset)
I copy, Gold Leader.
GOLD LEADER
We're starting for the target shaft
now.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader looks around at his wingmen; the Death Star looming
in from behind. Two Y-wing fighters bob back and forth in
the background. He moves his computer targeting device into
position.
RED LEADER
We're in position. I'm going to cut
across the axis and try and draw
their fire.
EXT. SPACE
Two squads of Rebel fighters peel off. The X-wings dive
towards the Death Star surface. A thousand lights glow across
the dark grey expanse of the huge station.
INT. DEATH STAR
Alarm sirens scream as soldiers scramble to large turbo-
powered laser gun emplacements. Electronic drivers rotate
the huge guns into position as crew adjust their targeting
devices.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Laserbolts streak through the star-filled night. The Rebel X-
wing fighters move in toward the Imperial base, as the Death
Star aims its massive laser guns at the Rebel forces and
fires.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Princess Leia listens to the battle over the intercom.
Threepio is at her side.
WEDGE
(over war room speaker
system)
Heavy fire, boss! Twenty-degrees.
RED LEADER
(over speaker)
I see it. Stay low.
EXT. SPACE
An X-wing zooms across the surface of the Death Star.
INT. DEATH STAR
Technical crews scurry here and there loading last-minute
armaments and unlocking power cables.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
Wedge maneuvers his fighter toward the menacing Death Star.
EXT. SPACE
X-wings continue in their attack course on the Death Star.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke nosedives radically, starting his attack on the monstrous
fortress. The Death Star surface streaks past the cockpit
window.
LUKE
This is Red Five; I'm going in!
EXT. SPACE
Luke's X-wing races toward the Death Star. Laserbolts streak
from Luke's weapons, creating a huge fireball explosion on
the dim surface.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Terror crosses Luke's face as he realizes he won't be able
to pull out in time to avoid the fireball.
BIGGS
(over headset)
Luke, pull up!
EXT. SURFACE OF DEATH STAR
Luke's ship emerges from the fireball, with the leading edges
of his wings slightly scorched.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
BIGGS
Are you all right?
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke adjusts his controls and breathes a sigh of relief.
Flak bursts outside the cockpit window.
LUKE
I got a little cooked, but I'm okay.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Rebel fighters continue to strafe the Death Star's surface
with laserbolts.
INT. DEATH STAR
Walls buckle and cave in. Troops and equipment are blown in
all directions. Stormtroopers stagger out of the rubble.
Standing in the middle of the chaos, a vision of calm and
foreboding, is Darth Vader. One of his Astro-Officers rushes
up to him.
ASTRO-OFFICER
We count thirty Rebel ships, Lord
Vader. But they're so small they're
evading our turbo-lasers!
VADER
We'll have to destroy them ship to
ship. Get the crews to their fighters.
INT. DEATH STAR
Smoke belches from the giant laser guns as they wind up their
turbine generators to create sufficient power. The crew rushes
about preparing for another blast. Even the troopers head
gear is not adequate to protect them from the overwhelming
noise of the monstrous weapon. One troopers bangs his helmet
with his hand in an attempt to stop the ringing.
INT. READ LEADER'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Red Leader flies through a heavy hail of flak.
RED LEADER
Luke, let me know when you're going
in.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
The Red Leader's X-wing flies past Luke as he puts his nose
down and starts his attack dive.
LUKE
I'm on my way in now...
RED LEADER
Watch yourself! There's a lot of
fire coming from the right side of
that deflection tower.
LUKE
I'm on it.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke flings his X-wing into a twisting dive across the horizon
and down onto the dim grey surface.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING TRAVELING
A shot hurls from Luke's guns. Laserbolts streak toward the
onrushing Death Star surface. Several small radar emplacements
erupt in flame. Laserfire erupts from a protruding tower on
the surface.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
The blurry Death Star surface races past the cockpit window
as a big smile sweeps across Luke's face at the success of
his run. Flak thunders on all sides of him.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The Death Star superstructure races past Luke as he maneuvers
his craft through a wall of laserfire and peels away from
the surface towards the heavens.
INT. DEATH STAR
The thunder and smoke of the big guns reverberate throughout
the massive structure. Many soldiers rush about in the smoke
and chaos, silhouetted by the almost continual flash of
explosions.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Biggs dives through a forest of radar domes, antennae, and
gun towers as he shoots low across the Death Star surface. A
dense barrage of laserfire streaks by on all sides.
INT. DEATH STAR
Imperial star pilots dash in unison to a line of small
auxiliary hatches that lead to Imperial TIE fighters.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Princess Leia, surrounded by her generals and aides, paces
nervously before a lighted computer table. On all sides
technicians work in front of many lighted glass walls. Dodonna
watches quietly from one corner. One of the officers working
over a screen speaks into his headset.
CONTROL OFFICER
Squad leaders, we've picked up a new
group of signals. Enemy fighters
coming your way.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Luke looks around to see if he can spot the approaching
Imperial fighters.
LUKE
My scope's negative. I don't see
anything.
INT. RED LEADER'S X-WING - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
The Death Star's surface sweeps past as Red Leader searches
the sky for the Imperial fighters. Flak pounds at his ship.
RED LEADER
Keep up your visual scanning. With
all this jamming, they'll be on top
of you before your scope can pick
them up.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Silhouetted against the rim lights of the Death Star horizon,
four ferocious Imperial TIE ships dive on the Rebel fighters.
Two of the TIE fighters peel off and drop out of frame. Pan
with the remaining two TIE ships.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Biggs panics when he discovers a TIE ship on his tail. The
horizon in the background twists around as he peels off,
hoping to lose the Imperial fighter.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Biggs! You've picked one up... watch
it!
BIGGS
I can't see it! Where is he?!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Biggs zooms off the surface and into space, closely followed
by an Imperial TIE fighter. The TIE ship fires several
laserbolts at Biggs, but misses.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Biggs see the TIE ship behind him and swings around, trying
to avoid him.
BIGGS
He's on me tight, I can't shake him...
I can't shake him.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Biggs, flying at high altitude, peels off and dives toward
the Death Star surface, but he is unable to lose the TIE
fighter, who sticks close to his tail.
INT. X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Luke is flying upside down. He rotates his ship around to
normal attitude as he comes out of his dive.
LUKE
Hang on, Biggs, I'm coming in.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Biggs and the tailing TIE ship dive for the surface, now
followed by a fast-gaining Luke. After Biggs dives out of
sight, Luke chases the Imperial fighter.
EXT. SURFACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
In the foreground, the Imperial fighter races across the
Death Star's surface, closely followed by Luke in the
background.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
There is a shot from Luke's X-wing of the TIE ship exploding
in a mass of flames.
LUKE
Got him!
INT. DEATH STAR
Darth Vader strides purposefully down a Death Star corridor,
flanked by Imperial stormtroopers.
VADER
Several fighters have broken off
from the main group. Come with me!
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
A concerned Princess Leia, Threepio, Dodonna, and other
officers of the Rebellion stand around the huge round readout
screen, listening to the ship-to-ship communication on the
room's loudspeaker.
BIGGS
(over speaker)
Pull in! Luke... pull in!
WEDGE
(over speaker)
Watch your back, Luke!
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
WEDGE
(over headset)
Watch your back! Fighter's above
you, coming in!
EXT. SPACE
Luke's ship soars away from the Death Star's surface as he
spots the tailing TIE fighter.
INT. TIE FIGHTER'S COCKPIT
The TIE pilot takes aim at Luke's X-wing.
EXT. SPACE
The Imperial TIE fighter pilot scores a hit on Luke's ship.
Fire breaks out on the right side of the X-wing.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks out of his cockpit at the flames on his ship.
LUKE
I'm hit, but not bad.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Smoke pours out from behind Artoo-Detoo.
LUKE'S VOICE
Artoo, see what you can do with it.
Hang on back there.
Green laserfire moves past the beeping little robot as his
head turns.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke nervously works his controls.
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Red Six...
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
In the war room, Leia stands frozen as she listens and worries
about Luke.
RED LEADER
(over speaker)
Can you see Red Five?
RED TEN
(over speaker)
There's a heavy fire zone on this
side. Red Five, where are you?
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke spots the TIE fighter behind him and soars away from
the Death Star surface.
LUKE
I can't shake him!
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's ship soars closer to the surface of the Death Star,
an Imperial TIE fighter closing in on him in hot pursuit.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
The Death Star whips below Wedge.
WEDGE
I'm on him, Luke!
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
WEDGE
(over headset)
Hold on!
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Wedge dives across the horizon toward Luke and the TIE
fighter.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
Wedge moves his X-wing in rapidly.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke reacts frantically.
LUKE
Blast it! Wedge where are you?
INT. TIE FIGHTER - COCKPIT
The fighter pilot watches Wedge's X-wing approach. Another X-
wing joins him, and both unleash a volley of laserfire on
the Imperial fighter.
EXT. SPACE
The TIE fighter explodes, filling the screen with white light.
Luke's ship can be seen far in the distance.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke looks about in relief.
LUKE
Thanks, Wedge.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia, Threepio, Dodonna and other Rebel officers are listening
to the Rebel Fighter's radio transmissions over the war room
intercom.
BIGGS
(over speaker)
Good shooting, Wedge!
GOLD LEADER
(over speaker)
Red Leader...
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader peels off and starts toward the long trenches at
the Death Star surface pole.
GOLD LEADER
This is Gold Leader. We're starting
out attack run.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Three Y-wing fighters of the Gold group dive out of the stars
toward the Death Star surface.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others are grouped around the screen, as
technicians move about attending to their duties.
RED LEADER
(over speaker)
I copy, Gold Leader. Move into
position.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Three Imperial TIE ships in precise formation dive toward
the Death Star surface.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Darth Vader calmly adjusts his control stick as the stars
whip past in the window above his head.
VADER
Stay in attack formation!
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Technicians are seated at the computer readout table.
GOLD LEADER
(over speaker)
The exhaust post is...
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
GOLD LEADER
...marked and locked in!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Gold Leader approaches the surface and pulls out to skim the
surface of the huge station. The ship moves into a deep
trench, firing laserbolts. The surface streaks past as
laserfire is returned by the Death Star.
INT. GOLD FIVE'S Y-WING - COCKPIT - TRAVELING
Gold Five is a pilot in his early fifties with a very battered
helmet that looks like it's been through many battles. He
looks around to see if enemy ships are near. His fighter is
buffeted by Imperial flak.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader races down the enormous trench that leads to the
exhaust port. Laserbolts blast toward him in increasing
numbers, occasionally exploding near the ship causing it to
bounce about.
GOLD LEADER
Switch power to front deflector
screens.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Three Y-wing skim the Death Star surface deep in the trench,
as laserbolts streak past on all sides.
EXT. DEATH STAR SURFACE - GUN EMPLACEMENTS
An exterior surface gun blazes away at the oncoming Rebel
fighters.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
GOLD LEADER
How many guns do you think, Gold
Five.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
GOLD FIVE
(over speaker)
I'd say about twenty guns. Some on
the surface, some on the towers.
Leia, Threepio, and the technicians view the projected target
screen, as red and blue target lights glow. The red target
near the center blinks on and off.
MASSASSI INTERCOM VOICE
(over speaker)
Death Star will be in range in five
minutes.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The three Y-wing fighters race toward camera and zoom overhead
through a hail of laserfire.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader pulls his computer targeting device down in front
of his eye. Laserbolts continue to batter the Rebel craft.
GOLD LEADER
Switching to targeting computer.
INT. GOLD TWO'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Two, a younger pilot about Luke's age, pulls down his
targeting eye viewer and adjusts it. His ship shudders under
intense laser barrage.
GOLD TWO
Computer's locked. Getting a signal.
As the fighters begin to approach the target area, suddenly
all the laserfire stops. An eerie clam clings over the trench
as the surface whips past in a blur.
GOLD TWO
The guns... they've stopped!
EXT. GOLD FIVE'S COCKPIT
Gold Five looks behind him.
GOLD FIVE
Stabilize your read deflectors. Watch
for enemy fighters.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
GOLD LEADER
They've coming in! Three marks at
two ten.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Three Imperial TIE ships, Darth Vader in the center flanked
by two wingmen, dive in precise formation almost vertically
toward the Death Star surface.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Darth Vader calmly adjusts his control stick as the stars
zoom by.
VADER
I'll take them myself! Cover me!
WINGMAN'S VOICE
(over speaker)
Yes, sir.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Three TIE fighters zoom across the surface of the Death Star.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader lines up Gold Two in his targeting computer. Vader's
hands grip the control stick as he presses the button.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
The cockpit explodes around Gold Two. His head falls forward.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
As Gold Two's ship explodes, debris is flung out into space.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader looks over his shoulder at the scene.
EXT. DEATH STAR TRENCH
The three TIE fighters race along in the trench in a tight
formation.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader panics.
GOLD LEADER
(into mike)
I can't maneuver!
INT. GOLD FIVE'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Five, the old veteran, trys to calm Gold Leader.
GOLD FIVE
Stay on target.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
The Death Star races by outside the cockpit window as he
adjusts his targeting device.
GOLD LEADER
We're too close.
INT. GOLD FIVE'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
The older pilot remains calm.
GOLD FIVE
Stay on target!
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Now he's really panicked.
GOLD LEADER
Loosen up!
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader calmly adjusts his targeting computer and pushes the
fire button.
INT. GOLD LEADER'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Leader's ship is hit by Vader's laser.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Gold Leader explodes in a ball of flames, throwing debris in
all directions.
INT. GOLD FIVE'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
Gold Five moves in on the exhaust port.
GOLD FIVE
Gold Five to Red Leader...
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks over his shoulder at the action outside of his
cockpit.
GOLD FIVE
(over headset)
Lost Tiree, lost Dutch.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
I copy, Gold Five.
INT. GOLD FIVE'S Y-WING - COCKPIT
GOLD FIVE
They came from behind...
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
One of the engines explodes on Gold Five's Y-wing fighter,
blazing out of control. He dives past the horizon toward the
Death Star's surface, passing a TIE fighter during his
descent. Gold Five, a veteran of countless campaigns, spins
toward his death.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks nervously about him at the explosive battle.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Grant Moff Tarkin and a Chief Officer stand in the Death
Star's control room.
OFFICER
We've analyzed their attack, sir,
and there is a danger. Should I have
your ship standing by?
TARKIN
Evacuate? In out moment of triumph?
I think you overestimate their
chances!
Tarkin turns to the computer readout screen. Flames move
around the green disk at the center of the screen, as numbers
read across the bottom.
VOICE
(over speaker)
Rebel base, three minutes and closing.
INT. READ LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader looks over at his wingmen.
RED LEADER
Red Group, this is Red Leader.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Dodonna moves to the intercom as he fiddles with the computer
keys.
RED LEADER
(over speaker)
Rendezvous at mark six point one.
WEDGE
(over speaker)
This is Red Two. Flying toward you.
BIGGS
(over speaker)
Red Three, standing by.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
DODONNA
(over headset)
Red Leader, this is Base One. Keep
half your group out of range for the
next run.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
RED LEADER'S VOICE
(over headset)
Copy, Base One. Luke, take Red Two
and Three. Hold up here and wait for
my signal... to start your run.
Luke nods his head.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The X-wing fighters of Luke, Biggs, and Wedge fly in formation
high above the Death Star's surface.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke peers out from his cockpit.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Two X-wings move across the surface of the Death Star. Red
Leader's X-wing drops down to the surface leading to the
exhaust port.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader looks around to watch for the TIE fighters. He
begins to perspire.
RED LEADER
This is it!
EXT. SPACE
Red Leader roams down the trench of the Death Star as lasers
streak across the black heavens.
EXT. DEATH STAR SURFACE - GUN EMPLACEMENTS
A huge remote-control laser cannon fires at the approaching
Rebel fighters.
EXT. DEATH STAR TRENCH
The Rebel fighters evade the Imperial laser blasts.
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT
Red Ten looks around for the Imperial fighters.
RED TEN
We should be able to see it by now.
EXT. DEATH STAR TRENCH
From the cockpits of the Rebel pilots, the surface of the
Death Star streaks by, with Imperial laserfire shooting toward
them.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Keep your eyes open for those
fighters!
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT
RED TEN
There's too much interference!
EXT. SPACE - DEATH STAR TRENCH
Three X-wing fighters move in formation down the Death Star
trench.
RED TEN'S VOICE
Red Five, can you see them from where
you are?
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks down at the Death Star surface below.
LUKE
No sign of any... wait!
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT
Red Ten looks up and sees the Imperial fighters.
LUKE
(over headset)
Coming in point three five.
RED TEN
I see them.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Three TIE fighters, Vader flanked by two wingmen, dive in a
tight formation. The sun reflects off their dominate solar
fins as they loop toward the Death Star's surface.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader pulls his targeting device in front of his eyes
and makes several adjustments.
RED LEADER
I'm in range.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Red Leader's X-wing moves up the Death Star trench.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
Target's coming up!
Red Leader looks at his computer target readout screen. He
then looks into his targeting device.
RED LEADER
Just hold them off for a few seconds.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader adjusts his control lever and dives on the X-wing
fighters.
VADER
Close up formation.
EXT. DEATH STAR TRENCH
The three TIE fighters move in formation across the Death
Star surface.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader lines up his target on the targeting device cross
hairs.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Vader and his wingmen zoom down the trench.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader rapidly approaches the two X-wings of Red Ten and Red
Twelve. Vader's laser cannon flashes below the view of the
front porthole. the X-wings show in the center of Vader's
computer screen.
EXT. SPACE
Red Twelve's X-wing fighter is hit by Vader's laserfire, and
it explodes into flames against the trench.
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT
Red Ten works at his controls furiously, trying to avoid
Vader's fighter behind him.
RED TEN: You'd better let her loose.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader is concentrating on his targeting device.
RED LEADER
Almost there!
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT.
Red Ten panics.
RED TEN
I can't hold them!
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Vader and his wingmen whip through the trench in pursuit of
the Rebel fighters.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader cooly pushes the fire button on his control stick.
INT. RED TEN'S COCKPIT
Darth Vader's well-aimed laserfire proves to be unavoidable,
and strikes Red Ten's ship. Red Ten screams in anguish and
pain.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Red Ten's ship explodes and bursts into flames.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Grimly, Red Leader takes careful aim and watches his computer
targeting device, which shows the target lined up in the
cross hairs, and fires.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
RED LEADER
It's away!
INT. DEATH STAR
An armed Imperial stormtrooper is knocked to the floor from
the attack explosion. Other troopers scurrying about the
corridors are knocked against the wall and lose their balance.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others stare at the computer screen.
RED NINE'S VOICE
(over speaker)
It's a hit!
RED LEADER
(over speaker)
Negative.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader looks back at the receding Death Star. Tiny
explosions are visible in the distance.
RED LEADER
Negative! It didn't go in. It just
impacted on the surface.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR - TIE FIGHTER
Darth Vader peels off in pursuit as Red Leader's X-wing passes
the Death Star horizon.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader swings his ship around for the next kill.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
LUKE
(over headset)
Red Leader, we're right above you.
Turn to point...
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke tries to spot Red Leader. He looks down at the Death
Star surface.
LUKE
...oh-five; we'll cover for you.
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Stay there...
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
A wary Red Leader looks about nervously.
RED LEADER
...I just lost my starboard engine.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks excitedly toward Red Leader's X-wing.
RED LEADER
(over headset)
Get set to make your attack run.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader's gloved hands make contact with the control sticks,
and he presses their firing buttons.
INT. RED LEADER'S COCKPIT
Red Leader fights to gain control of his ship.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Laserbolts are flung from Vader's TIE fighter, connecting
with Red Leader's Rebel X-wing fighter. Red Leader buys it,
creating a tremendous explosion far below. He screams and is
destroyed.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks out the window of his X-wing at the explosion far
below. For the first time, he feels the helplessness of his
situation.
INT. DEATH STAR
Grand Moff Tarkin casts a sinister eye at the computer screen.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
Rebel base, one minute and closing.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Dodonna and Princess Leia, with Threepio beside them, listen
intently to the talk between the pilots. The room is grim
after Red Leader's death. Princess Leia nervously paces the
room.
LUKE
(over speaker)
Biggs, Wedge, let's close it up.
We're going in. We're going in full
throttle.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
The horizon twists as Wedge begins to pull out.
WEDGE
Right with you, boss.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The two X-wings peel off against a background of stars and
dive toward the Death Star.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
BIGGS
Luke, at that speed will you be able
to pull out in time?
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
LUKE
It'll be just like Beggar's Canyon
back home.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The three X-wings move in, unleashing a barrage of laserfire.
Laserbolts are returned from the Death Star.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Luke's lifelong friend struggles with his controls.
BIGGS
We'll stay back far enough to cover
you.
INT. LUKE'S COCKPIT
Flak and laserbolts flash outside Luke's cockpit window.
WEDGE
(over headset)
My scope shows the tower, but I can't
see the exhaust port! Are you sure
the computer can hit it?
EXT. DEATH STAR - GUN EMPLACEMENTS
The Death Star laser cannon slowly rotates as it shoots
laserbolts.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks around for the Imperial TIE fighters. He thinks
for a moment and then moves his targeting device into
position.
LUKE
Watch yourself! Increase speed full
throttle!
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
Wedge looks excitedly about for any sign of the TIE fighters.
WEDGE
What about the tower?
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
LUKE
You worry about those fighters! I'll
worry about the tower!
EXT. DEATH STAR SURFACE
Luke's X-wing streaks through the trench, firing lasers.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke breaks into a nervous sweat as the laserfire is returned,
knicking one of his wings close to the engine.
LUKE
(to Artoo)
Artoo... that, that stabilizer's
broken loose again! See if you can't
lock it down!
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Artoo works to repair the damages. The canyon wall rushes by
in the background, making his delicate task seem even more
precarious.
EXT. DEATH STAR
Two laser cannons are firing on the Rebel fighters.
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
Wedge looks up and sees the TIE ships.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke's targeting device marks off the distance to the target.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Vader and his wingmen zoom closer.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader adjusts his controls and fires laserbolts at two X-
wings flying down the trench. He scores a direct hit on Wedge.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others are grouped around the computer board.
WEDGE
(over speaker)
I'm hit! I can't stay with you.
LUKE
(over speaker)
Get clear, Wedge.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
LUKE
You can't do any more good back there!
INT. WEDGE'S COCKPIT
WEDGE
Sorry!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Wedge pulls his crippled X-wing back away from the battle.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader watches the escape but issues a command to his wingmen.
VADER
Let him go! Stay on the leader!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Luke's X-wing speeds down the trench; the three TIE fighters,
still in perfect unbroken formation, tail close behind.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Biggs looks around at the TIE fighters. He is worried.
BIGGS
Hurry, Luke, they're coming in much
faster this time. I can't hold them!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The three TIE fighters move ever closer, closing in on Luke
and Biggs.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks back anxiously at little Artoo.
LUKE
Artoo, try and increase the power!
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Ignoring the bumpy ride, flak, and lasers, a beeping Artoo-
Detoo struggles to increase the power, his dome turning from
side to side.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Stealthily, the TIE formation creeps closer.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader adjusts his control stick.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Biggs looks around at the TIE fighters.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Luke looks into his targeting device. He moves it away for a
moment and ponders its use. He looks back into the computer
targeter.
BIGGS
(over headset)
Hurry up, Luke!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Vader and his wingmen race through the Death Star trench.
Biggs moves in to cover for Luke, but Vader gains on him.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Biggs sees the TIE fighter aiming at him.
BIGGS
Wait!
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader squeezes the fire button on his controls.
INT. BIGGS' COCKPIT
Biggs' cockpit explodes around him, lighting him in red.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Biggs' ship bursts into a million flaming bits and scatters
across the surface.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others stare at the computer board.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING COCKPIT
Luke is stunned by Biggs' death. His eyes are watering, but
his anger is also growing.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Grand Moff Tarkin watches the projected target screen with
satisfaction.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
Rebel base, thirty seconds and
closing.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader takes aim on Luke and talks to the wingmen.
VADER
I'm on the leader.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR - LUKE'S SHIP
Luke's ship streaks through the trench of the Death Star.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Princess Leia returns her general's worried and doubtful
glances with solid, grim determination. Threepio seems
nervous.
THREEPIO
Hang on, Artoo!
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke concentrates on his targeting device.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Three TIE fighters charge away down the trench toward Luke.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader's finger's curls around the control stick.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke adjusts the lens of his targeting device.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's ship charges down the trench.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke lines up the yellow cross-hair lines of the targeting
device's screen. He looks into the targeting device, then
starts at a voice he hears.
BEN'S VOICE
Use the Force, Luke.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The Death Star trench zooms by.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke looks up, then starts to look back into the targeting
device. He has second thoughts.
BEN'S VOICE
Let go, Luke.
A grim determination sweeps across Luke's face as he closes
his eyes and starts to mumble Ben's training to himself.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's fighter streaks through the trench.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
VADER
The Force is strong with this one!
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Vader follows Luke's X-wing down the trench.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke looks to the targeting device, then away as he hears
Ben's voice.
BEN'S VOICE
Luke, trust me.
Luke's hand reaches for the control panel and presses the
button. The targeting device moves away.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others stand watching the projected screen.
BASE VOICE
(over speaker)
His computer's off. Luke, you switched
off your targeting computer. What's
wrong?
LUKE
(over speaker)
Nothing. I'm all right.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's ship streaks ever close to the exhaust port.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING - COCKPIT
Luke looks at the Death Star surface streaking by.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Artoo-Detoo turns his head from side to side, beeping in
anticipation.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The three TIE fighters, manned by Vader and his two wingmen,
follow Luke's X-wing down the trench.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader maneuvers his controls as he looks at his doomed target.
He presses the fire buttons on his control sticks. Laserfire
shoots toward Luke's X-wing fighter.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
A large burst of Vader's laserfire engulfs Artoo. The arms
go limp on the smoking little droid as he makes a high-pitched
sound.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks frantically back over his shoulder at Artoo.
EXT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER
Smoke billows out around little Artoo and sparks begin to
fly.
LUKE
I've lost Artoo!
Artoo's beeping sounds die out.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others stare intently at the projected screen,
while Threepio watches the Princess. Lights representing the
Death Star and targets glow brightly.
MASSASSI INTERCOM VOICE
The Death Star has cleared the planet.
The Death Star has cleared the planet.
INT. DEATH STAR - CONTROL ROOM
Tarkin glares at the projected target screen.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
Rebel base, in range.
TARKIN
You may fire when ready.
DEATH STAR INTERCOM VOICE
Commence primary ignition.
An officer reaches up and pushes buttons on the control panel,
as green lighted buttons turn to red.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The three TIE fighters zoom down the Death Star trench in
pursuit of Luke, never breaking formation.
INT. LUKE'S COCKPIT
Luke looks anxiously at the exhaust port.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader adjusts his control sticks, checking his projected
targeting screen.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's ship barrels down the trench.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader's targeting computer swings around into position. Vader
takes careful aim on Luke's X-wing fighter.
VADER
I have you now.
He pushes the fire buttons.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
The three TIE fighters move in on Luke. As Vader's center
fighter unleashes a volley of laserfire, one of the TIE ships
at his side is hit and explodes into flame. The two remaining
ships continue to move in.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks about, wondering whose laserfire destroyed Vader's
wingman.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader is taken by surprise, and looks out from his cockpit.
VADER
What?
INT. DARTH VADER'S WINGMAN - COCKPIT
Vader's wingman searches around him trying to locate the
unknown attacker.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Han and Chewbacca grin from ear to ear.
HAN
(yelling)
Yahoo!
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The Millennium Falcon heads right at the two TIE fighters.
It's a collision course.
INT. WINGMAN'S COCKPIT
The wingman spots the pirateship coming at him and warns the
Dark Lord.
WINGMAN
Look out!
EXT. DEATH STAR TRENCH
Vader's wingman panics at the sight of the oncoming pirate
starship and veers radically to one side, colliding with
Vader's TIE fighter in the process. Vader's wingman crashes
into the side wall of the trench and explodes. Vader's damaged
ship spins out of the trench with a damaged wing.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Vader's ship spins out of control with a bent solar fin,
heading for deep space.
INT. DARTH VADER'S COCKPIT
Vader turns round and round in circles as his ship spins
into space.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Solo's ship moves in toward the Death Star trench.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
Solo, smiling, speaks to Luke over his headset mike.
HAN
(into mike)
You're all clear, kid.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - WAR ROOM
Leia and the others listen to Solo's transmission.
HAN
(over speaker)
Now let's blow this thing and go
home!
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke looks up and smiles. He concentrates on the exhaust
port, then fires his laser torpedoes.
EXT. SURFACE OF THE DEATH STAR
Luke's torpedoes shoot toward the port and seems to simply
disappear into the surface and not explode. But the shots do
find their mark and have gone into the exhaust port and are
heading for the main reactor.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke throws his head back in relief.
INT. DEATH STAR
An Imperial soldier runs to the control panel board and pulls
the attack lever as the board behind him lights up.
INTERCOM VOICE
Stand by to fire at Rebel base.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
Two X-wings, a Y-wing, and the pirateship race toward Yavin
in the distance.
INT. DEATH STAR
Several Imperial soldiers, flanking a pensive Grand Moff
Tarkin, busily push control levers and buttons.
INTERCOM VOICE
Standing by.
The rumble of a distant explosion begins.
EXT. SPACE AROUND THE DEATH STAR
The Rebel ships race out of sight, leaving the moon-like
Death Star alone against a blanket of stars. Several small
flashes appear on the surface. The Death Star bursts into a
supernova, creating a spectacular heavenly display.
INT. MILLENNIUM FALCON - COCKPIT
HAN
Great shot, kid. That was one in a
million.
INT. LUKE'S X-WING FIGHTER - COCKPIT
Luke is at ease, and his eyes are closed.
BEN'S VOICE
Remember, the Force will be with
you... always.
The ship rocks back and forth.
EXT. DARTH VADER'S TIE FIGHTER
Vader's ship spins off into space.
EXT. SPACE
The Rebel ships race toward the fourth moon of Yavin.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - MAIN HANGAR
Luke climbs out of his starship fighter and is cheered by a
throng of ground crew and pilots. Luke climbs down the ladder
as they all welcome him with laughter, cheers, and shouting.
Princess Leia rushes toward him.
LEIA
Luke! Luke! Luke!
She throws her arms around Luke and hugs him as they dance
around in a circle. Solo runs in toward Luke and they embrace
one another, slapping each other on the back.
HAN
(laughing)
Hey! Hey!
LUKE
(laughing)
I knew you'd come back! I just knew
it!
HAN
Well, I wasn't gonna let you get all
the credit and take all the reward.
Luke and Han look at one another, as Solo playfully shoves
at Luke's face. Leia moves in between them.
LEIA
(laughing)
Hey, I knew there was more to you
than money.
Luke looks toward the ship.
LUKE
Oh, no!
The fried little Artoo-Detoo is lifted off the back of the
fighter and carried off under the worried eyes of Threepio.
THREEPIO
Oh, my! Artoo! Can you hear me? Say
something!
(to mechanic)
You can repair him, can't you?
TECHNICIAN
We'll get to work on him right away.
THREEPIO
You must repair him! Sir, if any of
my circuits or gears will help, I'll
gladly donate them.
LUKE
He'll be all right.
INT. MASSASSI OUTPOST - MAIN THRONE ROOM
Luke, Han, and Chewbacca enter the huge ruins of the main
temple. Hundreds of troops are lined up in neat rows. Banners
are flying and at the far end stands a vision in white, the
beautiful young Senator Leia. Luke and the others solemnly
march up the long aisle and kneel before Senator Leia. From
one side of the temple marches a shined-up and fully repaired
Artoo-Detoo. He waddles up to the group and stands next to
an equally pristine Threepio, who is rather awestruck by the
whole event. Chewbacca is confused. Dodonna and several other
dignitaries sit on the left of the Princess Leia. Leia is
dressed in a long white dress and is staggeringly beautiful.
She rises and places a gold medallion around Han's neck. He
winks at her. She then repeats the ceremony with Luke, who
is moved by the event. They turn and face the assembled
troops, who all bow before them. Chewbacca growls and Artoo
beeps with happiness.
FADE OUT:
END CREDITS OVER STARS
THE END
mask = np.array(Image.open('./data/stormtrooper_mask.png'))
mask
array([[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
...,
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255]], dtype=uint8)
stopwords = set(STOPWORDS)
stopwords.add('int')
stopwords.add('ext')
stopwords
{'a',
'about',
'above',
'after',
'again',
'against',
'all',
'also',
'am',
'an',
'and',
'any',
'are',
"aren't",
'as',
'at',
'be',
'because',
'been',
'before',
'being',
'below',
'between',
'both',
'but',
'by',
'can',
"can't",
'cannot',
'com',
'could',
"couldn't",
'did',
"didn't",
'do',
'does',
"doesn't",
'doing',
"don't",
'down',
'during',
'each',
'else',
'ever',
'ext',
'few',
'for',
'from',
'further',
'get',
'had',
"hadn't",
'has',
"hasn't",
'have',
"haven't",
'having',
'he',
"he'd",
"he'll",
"he's",
'hence',
'her',
'here',
"here's",
'hers',
'herself',
'him',
'himself',
'his',
'how',
"how's",
'however',
'http',
'i',
"i'd",
"i'll",
"i'm",
"i've",
'if',
'in',
'int',
'into',
'is',
"isn't",
'it',
"it's",
'its',
'itself',
'just',
'k',
"let's",
'like',
'me',
'more',
'most',
"mustn't",
'my',
'myself',
'no',
'nor',
'not',
'of',
'off',
'on',
'once',
'only',
'or',
'other',
'otherwise',
'ought',
'our',
'ours',
'ourselves',
'out',
'over',
'own',
'r',
'same',
'shall',
"shan't",
'she',
"she'd",
"she'll",
"she's",
'should',
"shouldn't",
'since',
'so',
'some',
'such',
'than',
'that',
"that's",
'the',
'their',
'theirs',
'them',
'themselves',
'then',
'there',
"there's",
'therefore',
'these',
'they',
"they'd",
"they'll",
"they're",
"they've",
'this',
'those',
'through',
'to',
'too',
'under',
'until',
'up',
'very',
'was',
"wasn't",
'we',
"we'd",
"we'll",
"we're",
"we've",
'were',
"weren't",
'what',
"what's",
'when',
"when's",
'where',
"where's",
'which',
'while',
'who',
"who's",
'whom',
'why',
"why's",
'with',
"won't",
'would',
"wouldn't",
'www',
'you',
"you'd",
"you'll",
"you're",
"you've",
'your',
'yours',
'yourself',
'yourselves'}
wc = WordCloud(background_color='white', max_words=1000, stopwords=stopwords, mask=mask)
wordcloud = wc.generate(text)
#wordcloud.words_
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud.recolor(color_func=gray_color_func, random_state=3), interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
text = open('./data/alice.txt').read()
mask = np.array(Image.open('./data/alice_color.png'))
wc = WordCloud(background_color='white', max_words=2000,mask=mask, max_font_size=80)
wordcloud = wc.generate(text)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(mask, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud.recolor(color_func=gray_color_func), interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
#워드클라우드의 마스크 컬러 이미지를 사용할 경우 원래 이미지 색상에
#가깝게 워드클라우두 단어의 색상을 지정한다.
from wordcloud import ImageColorGenerator
image_colors = ImageColorGenerator(mask)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud.recolor(color_func=image_colors), interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
한글 형태소 분석
#!pip install konlpy #한글 형태소 분석
#!pip install nltk #말뭉치 자료
#konlpy라이브러리를 import할 때 에러가 발생되면
#https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#jpype에 접속해서 사용중인 python버전에
#맞게 다운받는다.
#3.6버전이 설치되어 있으므로 JPype1-1.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64를 다운받는다.
#위치한 폴더에서 커맨드 창을 실행하고 pip install JPype1-1.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl을
#입력해서 설치한다.
#만약 설치시 에러가 난다면 python -m pip install --user pip install JPype1-1.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
#를 입력해서 설치한다.
#위와 같이해도 에러가 발생한다면 pip list를 실행하고 tweepy 버전을 확인한다.
#3.7.0버전이 설치되어 있지 않으면 3.7.버전으로 다운그레이드 한다.
#그리고 pip uninstall tweepy을 실행해서 제거하고 pip install tweepy==3.7.0을
#실행한다.
import nltk
from konlpy.corpus import kolaw
from konlpy.tag import Twitter
t=Twitter()
#konlpy는 대한민국 헌법
ko_con_text = kolaw.open('constitution.txt').read()
print(ko_con_text)
대한민국헌법
유구한 역사와 전통에 빛나는 우리 대한국민은 3·1운동으로 건립된 대한민국임시정부의 법통과 불의에 항거한 4·19민주이념을 계승하고, 조국의 민주개혁과 평화적 통일의 사명에 입각하여 정의·인도와 동포애로써 민족의 단결을 공고히 하고, 모든 사회적 폐습과 불의를 타파하며, 자율과 조화를 바탕으로 자유민주적 기본질서를 더욱 확고히 하여 정치·경제·사회·문화의 모든 영역에 있어서 각인의 기회를 균등히 하고, 능력을 최고도로 발휘하게 하며, 자유와 권리에 따르는 책임과 의무를 완수하게 하여, 안으로는 국민생활의 균등한 향상을 기하고 밖으로는 항구적인 세계평화와 인류공영에 이바지함으로써 우리들과 우리들의 자손의 안전과 자유와 행복을 영원히 확보할 것을 다짐하면서 1948년 7월 12일에 제정되고 8차에 걸쳐 개정된 헌법을 이제 국회의 의결을 거쳐 국민투표에 의하여 개정한다.
제1장 총강
제1조 ① 대한민국은 민주공화국이다.
②대한민국의 주권은 국민에게 있고, 모든 권력은 국민으로부터 나온다.
제2조 ① 대한민국의 국민이 되는 요건은 법률로 정한다.
②국가는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 재외국민을 보호할 의무를 진다.
제3조 대한민국의 영토는 한반도와 그 부속도서로 한다.
제4조 대한민국은 통일을 지향하며, 자유민주적 기본질서에 입각한 평화적 통일 정책을 수립하고 이를 추진한다.
제5조 ① 대한민국은 국제평화의 유지에 노력하고 침략적 전쟁을 부인한다.
②국군은 국가의 안전보장과 국토방위의 신성한 의무를 수행함을 사명으로 하며, 그 정치적 중립성은 준수된다.
제6조 ① 헌법에 의하여 체결·공포된 조약과 일반적으로 승인된 국제법규는 국내법과 같은 효력을 가진다.
②외국인은 국제법과 조약이 정하는 바에 의하여 그 지위가 보장된다.
제7조 ① 공무원은 국민전체에 대한 봉사자이며, 국민에 대하여 책임을 진다.
②공무원의 신분과 정치적 중립성은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 보장된다.
제8조 ① 정당의 설립은 자유이며, 복수정당제는 보장된다.
②정당은 그 목적·조직과 활동이 민주적이어야 하며, 국민의 정치적 의사형성에 참여하는데 필요한 조직을 가져야 한다.
③정당은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가의 보호를 받으며, 국가는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 정당운영에 필요한 자금을 보조할 수 있다.
④정당의 목적이나 활동이 민주적 기본질서에 위배될 때에는 정부는 헌법재판소에 그 해산을 제소할 수 있고, 정당은 헌법재판소의 심판에 의하여 해산된다.
제9조 국가는 전통문화의 계승·발전과 민족문화의 창달에 노력하여야 한다.
제2장 국민의 권리와 의무
제10조 모든 국민은 인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 가지며, 행복을 추구할 권리를 가진다. 국가는 개인이 가지는 불가침의 기본적 인권을 확인하고 이를 보장할 의무를 진다.
제11조 ① 모든 국민은 법 앞에 평등하다. 누구든지 성별·종교 또는 사회적 신분에 의하여 정치적·경제적·사회적·문화적 생활의 모든 영역에 있어서 차별을 받지 아니한다.
②사회적 특수계급의 제도는 인정되지 아니하며, 어떠한 형태로도 이를 창설할 수 없다.
③훈장등의 영전은 이를 받은 자에게만 효력이 있고, 어떠한 특권도 이에 따르지 아니한다.
제12조 ① 모든 국민은 신체의 자유를 가진다. 누구든지 법률에 의하지 아니하고는 체포·구속·압수·수색 또는 심문을 받지 아니하며, 법률과 적법한 절차에 의하지 아니하고는 처벌·보안처분 또는 강제노역을 받지 아니한다.
②모든 국민은 고문을 받지 아니하며, 형사상 자기에게 불리한 진술을 강요당하지 아니한다.
③체포·구속·압수 또는 수색을 할 때에는 적법한 절차에 따라 검사의 신청에 의하여 법관이 발부한 영장을 제시하여야 한다. 다만, 현행범인인 경우와 장기 3년 이상의 형에 해당하는 죄를 범하고 도피 또는 증거인멸의 염려가 있을 때에는 사후에 영장을 청구할 수 있다.
④누구든지 체포 또는 구속을 당한 때에는 즉시 변호인의 조력을 받을 권리를 가진다. 다만, 형사피고인이 스스로 변호인을 구할 수 없을 때에는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가가 변호인을 붙인다.
⑤누구든지 체포 또는 구속의 이유와 변호인의 조력을 받을 권리가 있음을 고지받지 아니하고는 체포 또는 구속을 당하지 아니한다. 체포 또는 구속을 당한 자의 가족등 법률이 정하는 자에게는 그 이유와 일시·장소가 지체없이 통지되어야 한다.
⑥누구든지 체포 또는 구속을 당한 때에는 적부의 심사를 법원에 청구할 권리를 가진다.
⑦피고인의 자백이 고문·폭행·협박·구속의 부당한 장기화 또는 기망 기타의 방법에 의하여 자의로 진술된 것이 아니라고 인정될 때 또는 정식재판에 있어서 피고인의 자백이 그에게 불리한 유일한 증거일 때에는 이를 유죄의 증거로 삼거나 이를 이유로 처벌할 수 없다.
제13조 ① 모든 국민은 행위시의 법률에 의하여 범죄를 구성하지 아니하는 행위로 소추되지 아니하며, 동일한 범죄에 대하여 거듭 처벌받지 아니한다.
②모든 국민은 소급입법에 의하여 참정권의 제한을 받거나 재산권을 박탈당하지 아니한다.
③모든 국민은 자기의 행위가 아닌 친족의 행위로 인하여 불이익한 처우를 받지 아니한다.
제14조 모든 국민은 거주·이전의 자유를 가진다.
제15조 모든 국민은 직업선택의 자유를 가진다.
제16조 모든 국민은 주거의 자유를 침해받지 아니한다. 주거에 대한 압수나 수색을 할 때에는 검사의 신청에 의하여 법관이 발부한 영장을 제시하여야 한다.
제17조 모든 국민은 사생활의 비밀과 자유를 침해받지 아니한다.
제18조 모든 국민은 통신의 비밀을 침해받지 아니한다.
제19조 모든 국민은 양심의 자유를 가진다.
제20조 ① 모든 국민은 종교의 자유를 가진다.
②국교는 인정되지 아니하며, 종교와 정치는 분리된다.
제21조 ① 모든 국민은 언론·출판의 자유와 집회·결사의 자유를 가진다.
②언론·출판에 대한 허가나 검열과 집회·결사에 대한 허가는 인정되지 아니한다.
③통신·방송의 시설기준과 신문의 기능을 보장하기 위하여 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
④언론·출판은 타인의 명예나 권리 또는 공중도덕이나 사회윤리를 침해하여서는 아니된다. 언론·출판이 타인의 명예나 권리를 침해한 때에는 피해자는 이에 대한 피해의 배상을 청구할 수 있다.
제22조 ① 모든 국민은 학문과 예술의 자유를 가진다.
②저작자·발명가·과학기술자와 예술가의 권리는 법률로써 보호한다.
제23조 ① 모든 국민의 재산권은 보장된다. 그 내용과 한계는 법률로 정한다.
②재산권의 행사는 공공복리에 적합하도록 하여야 한다.
③공공필요에 의한 재산권의 수용·사용 또는 제한 및 그에 대한 보상은 법률로써 하되, 정당한 보상을 지급하여야 한다.
제24조 모든 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 선거권을 가진다.
제25조 모든 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 공무담임권을 가진다.
제26조 ① 모든 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가기관에 문서로 청원할 권리를 가진다.
②국가는 청원에 대하여 심사할 의무를 진다.
제27조 ① 모든 국민은 헌법과 법률이 정한 법관에 의하여 법률에 의한 재판을 받을 권리를 가진다.
②군인 또는 군무원이 아닌 국민은 대한민국의 영역안에서는 중대한 군사상 기밀·초병·초소·유독음식물공급·포로·군용물에 관한 죄중 법률이 정한 경우와 비상계엄이 선포된 경우를 제외하고는 군사법원의 재판을 받지 아니한다.
③모든 국민은 신속한 재판을 받을 권리를 가진다. 형사피고인은 상당한 이유가 없는 한 지체없이 공개재판을 받을 권리를 가진다.
④형사피고인은 유죄의 판결이 확정될 때까지는 무죄로 추정된다.
⑤형사피해자는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 당해 사건의 재판절차에서 진술할 수 있다.
제28조 형사피의자 또는 형사피고인으로서 구금되었던 자가 법률이 정하는 불기소처분을 받거나 무죄판결을 받은 때에는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가에 정당한 보상을 청구할 수 있다.
제29조 ① 공무원의 직무상 불법행위로 손해를 받은 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가 또는 공공단체에 정당한 배상을 청구할 수 있다. 이 경우 공무원 자신의 책임은 면제되지 아니한다.
②군인·군무원·경찰공무원 기타 법률이 정하는 자가 전투·훈련등 직무집행과 관련하여 받은 손해에 대하여는 법률이 정하는 보상외에 국가 또는 공공단체에 공무원의 직무상 불법행위로 인한 배상은 청구할 수 없다.
제30조 타인의 범죄행위로 인하여 생명·신체에 대한 피해를 받은 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가로부터 구조를 받을 수 있다.
제31조 ① 모든 국민은 능력에 따라 균등하게 교육을 받을 권리를 가진다.
②모든 국민은 그 보호하는 자녀에게 적어도 초등교육과 법률이 정하는 교육을 받게 할 의무를 진다.
③의무교육은 무상으로 한다.
④교육의 자주성·전문성·정치적 중립성 및 대학의 자율성은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 보장된다.
⑤국가는 평생교육을 진흥하여야 한다.
⑥학교교육 및 평생교육을 포함한 교육제도와 그 운영, 교육재정 및 교원의 지위에 관한 기본적인 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제32조 ① 모든 국민은 근로의 권리를 가진다. 국가는 사회적·경제적 방법으로 근로자의 고용의 증진과 적정임금의 보장에 노력하여야 하며, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 최저임금제를 시행하여야 한다.
②모든 국민은 근로의 의무를 진다. 국가는 근로의 의무의 내용과 조건을 민주주의원칙에 따라 법률로 정한다.
③근로조건의 기준은 인간의 존엄성을 보장하도록 법률로 정한다.
④여자의 근로는 특별한 보호를 받으며, 고용·임금 및 근로조건에 있어서 부당한 차별을 받지 아니한다.
⑤연소자의 근로는 특별한 보호를 받는다.
⑥국가유공자·상이군경 및 전몰군경의 유가족은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 우선적으로 근로의 기회를 부여받는다.
제33조 ① 근로자는 근로조건의 향상을 위하여 자주적인 단결권·단체교섭권 및 단체행동권을 가진다.
②공무원인 근로자는 법률이 정하는 자에 한하여 단결권·단체교섭권 및 단체행동권을 가진다.
③법률이 정하는 주요방위산업체에 종사하는 근로자의 단체행동권은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 이를 제한하거나 인정하지 아니할 수 있다.
제34조 ① 모든 국민은 인간다운 생활을 할 권리를 가진다.
②국가는 사회보장·사회복지의 증진에 노력할 의무를 진다.
③국가는 여자의 복지와 권익의 향상을 위하여 노력하여야 한다.
④국가는 노인과 청소년의 복지향상을 위한 정책을 실시할 의무를 진다.
⑤신체장애자 및 질병·노령 기타의 사유로 생활능력이 없는 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가의 보호를 받는다.
⑥국가는 재해를 예방하고 그 위험으로부터 국민을 보호하기 위하여 노력하여야 한다.
제35조 ① 모든 국민은 건강하고 쾌적한 환경에서 생활할 권리를 가지며, 국가와 국민은 환경보전을 위하여 노력하여야 한다.
②환경권의 내용과 행사에 관하여는 법률로 정한다.
③국가는 주택개발정책등을 통하여 모든 국민이 쾌적한 주거생활을 할 수 있도록 노력하여야 한다.
제36조 ① 혼인과 가족생활은 개인의 존엄과 양성의 평등을 기초로 성립되고 유지되어야 하며, 국가는 이를 보장한다.
②국가는 모성의 보호를 위하여 노력하여야 한다.
③모든 국민은 보건에 관하여 국가의 보호를 받는다.
제37조 ① 국민의 자유와 권리는 헌법에 열거되지 아니한 이유로 경시되지 아니한다.
②국민의 모든 자유와 권리는 국가안전보장·질서유지 또는 공공복리를 위하여 필요한 경우에 한하여 법률로써 제한할 수 있으며, 제한하는 경우에도 자유와 권리의 본질적인 내용을 침해할 수 없다.
제38조 모든 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 납세의 의무를 진다.
제39조 ① 모든 국민은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국방의 의무를 진다.
②누구든지 병역의무의 이행으로 인하여 불이익한 처우를 받지 아니한다.
제3장 국회
제40조 입법권은 국회에 속한다.
제41조 ① 국회는 국민의 보통·평등·직접·비밀선거에 의하여 선출된 국회의원으로 구성한다.
②국회의원의 수는 법률로 정하되, 200인 이상으로 한다.
③국회의원의 선거구와 비례대표제 기타 선거에 관한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제42조 국회의원의 임기는 4년으로 한다.
제43조 국회의원은 법률이 정하는 직을 겸할 수 없다.
제44조 ① 국회의원은 현행범인인 경우를 제외하고는 회기중 국회의 동의없이 체포 또는 구금되지 아니한다.
②국회의원이 회기전에 체포 또는 구금된 때에는 현행범인이 아닌 한 국회의 요구가 있으면 회기중 석방된다.
제45조 국회의원은 국회에서 직무상 행한 발언과 표결에 관하여 국회외에서 책임을 지지 아니한다.
제46조 ① 국회의원은 청렴의 의무가 있다.
②국회의원은 국가이익을 우선하여 양심에 따라 직무를 행한다.
③국회의원은 그 지위를 남용하여 국가·공공단체 또는 기업체와의 계약이나 그 처분에 의하여 재산상의 권리·이익 또는 직위를 취득하거나 타인을 위하여 그 취득을 알선할 수 없다.
제47조 ① 국회의 정기회는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 매년 1회 집회되며, 국회의 임시회는 대통령 또는 국회재적의원 4분의 1 이상의 요구에 의하여 집회된다.
②정기회의 회기는 100일을, 임시회의 회기는 30일을 초과할 수 없다.
③대통령이 임시회의 집회를 요구할 때에는 기간과 집회요구의 이유를 명시하여야 한다.
제48조 국회는 의장 1인과 부의장 2인을 선출한다.
제49조 국회는 헌법 또는 법률에 특별한 규정이 없는 한 재적의원 과반수의 출석과 출석의원 과반수의 찬성으로 의결한다. 가부동수인 때에는 부결된 것으로 본다.
제50조 ① 국회의 회의는 공개한다. 다만, 출석의원 과반수의 찬성이 있거나 의장이 국가의 안전보장을 위하여 필요하다고 인정할 때에는 공개하지 아니할 수 있다.
②공개하지 아니한 회의내용의 공표에 관하여는 법률이 정하는 바에 의한다.
제51조 국회에 제출된 법률안 기타의 의안은 회기중에 의결되지 못한 이유로 폐기되지 아니한다. 다만, 국회의원의 임기가 만료된 때에는 그러하지 아니하다.
제52조 국회의원과 정부는 법률안을 제출할 수 있다.
제53조 ① 국회에서 의결된 법률안은 정부에 이송되어 15일 이내에 대통령이 공포한다.
②법률안에 이의가 있을 때에는 대통령은 제1항의 기간내에 이의서를 붙여 국회로 환부하고, 그 재의를 요구할 수 있다. 국회의 폐회중에도 또한 같다.
③대통령은 법률안의 일부에 대하여 또는 법률안을 수정하여 재의를 요구할 수 없다.
④재의의 요구가 있을 때에는 국회는 재의에 붙이고, 재적의원과반수의 출석과 출석의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성으로 전과 같은 의결을 하면 그 법률안은 법률로서 확정된다.
⑤대통령이 제1항의 기간내에 공포나 재의의 요구를 하지 아니한 때에도 그 법률안은 법률로서 확정된다.
⑥대통령은 제4항과 제5항의 규정에 의하여 확정된 법률을 지체없이 공포하여야 한다. 제5항에 의하여 법률이 확정된 후 또는 제4항에 의한 확정법률이 정부에 이송된 후 5일 이내에 대통령이 공포하지 아니할 때에는 국회의장이 이를 공포한다.
⑦법률은 특별한 규정이 없는 한 공포한 날로부터 20일을 경과함으로써 효력을 발생한다.
제54조 ① 국회는 국가의 예산안을 심의·확정한다.
②정부는 회계연도마다 예산안을 편성하여 회계연도 개시 90일전까지 국회에 제출하고, 국회는 회계연도 개시 30일전까지 이를 의결하여야 한다.
③새로운 회계연도가 개시될 때까지 예산안이 의결되지 못한 때에는 정부는 국회에서 예산안이 의결될 때까지 다음의 목적을 위한 경비는 전년도 예산에 준하여 집행할 수 있다.
1. 헌법이나 법률에 의하여 설치된 기관 또는 시설의 유지·운영
2. 법률상 지출의무의 이행
3. 이미 예산으로 승인된 사업의 계속
제55조 ① 한 회계연도를 넘어 계속하여 지출할 필요가 있을 때에는 정부는 연한을 정하여 계속비로서 국회의 의결을 얻어야 한다.
②예비비는 총액으로 국회의 의결을 얻어야 한다. 예비비의 지출은 차기국회의 승인을 얻어야 한다.
제56조 정부는 예산에 변경을 가할 필요가 있을 때에는 추가경정예산안을 편성하여 국회에 제출할 수 있다.
제57조 국회는 정부의 동의없이 정부가 제출한 지출예산 각항의 금액을 증가하거나 새 비목을 설치할 수 없다.
제58조 국채를 모집하거나 예산외에 국가의 부담이 될 계약을 체결하려 할 때에는 정부는 미리 국회의 의결을 얻어야 한다.
제59조 조세의 종목과 세율은 법률로 정한다.
제60조 ① 국회는 상호원조 또는 안전보장에 관한 조약, 중요한 국제조직에 관한 조약, 우호통상항해조약, 주권의 제약에 관한 조약, 강화조약, 국가나 국민에게 중대한 재정적 부담을 지우는 조약 또는 입법사항에 관한 조약의 체결·비준에 대한 동의권을 가진다.
②국회는 선전포고, 국군의 외국에의 파견 또는 외국군대의 대한민국 영역안에서의 주류에 대한 동의권을 가진다.
제61조 ① 국회는 국정을 감사하거나 특정한 국정사안에 대하여 조사할 수 있으며, 이에 필요한 서류의 제출 또는 증인의 출석과 증언이나 의견의 진술을 요구할 수 있다.
②국정감사 및 조사에 관한 절차 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제62조 ① 국무총리·국무위원 또는 정부위원은 국회나 그 위원회에 출석하여 국정처리상황을 보고하거나 의견을 진술하고 질문에 응답할 수 있다.
②국회나 그 위원회의 요구가 있을 때에는 국무총리·국무위원 또는 정부위원은 출석·답변하여야 하며, 국무총리 또는 국무위원이 출석요구를 받은 때에는 국무위원 또는 정부위원으로 하여금 출석·답변하게 할 수 있다.
제63조 ① 국회는 국무총리 또는 국무위원의 해임을 대통령에게 건의할 수 있다.
②제1항의 해임건의는 국회재적의원 3분의 1 이상의 발의에 의하여 국회재적의원 과반수의 찬성이 있어야 한다.
제64조 ① 국회는 법률에 저촉되지 아니하는 범위안에서 의사와 내부규율에 관한 규칙을 제정할 수 있다.
②국회는 의원의 자격을 심사하며, 의원을 징계할 수 있다.
③의원을 제명하려면 국회재적의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성이 있어야 한다.
④제2항과 제3항의 처분에 대하여는 법원에 제소할 수 없다.
제65조 ① 대통령·국무총리·국무위원·행정각부의 장·헌법재판소 재판관·법관·중앙선거관리위원회 위원·감사원장·감사위원 기타 법률이 정한 공무원이 그 직무집행에 있어서 헌법이나 법률을 위배한 때에는 국회는 탄핵의 소추를 의결할 수 있다.
②제1항의 탄핵소추는 국회재적의원 3분의 1 이상의 발의가 있어야 하며, 그 의결은 국회재적의원 과반수의 찬성이 있어야 한다. 다만, 대통령에 대한 탄핵소추는 국회재적의원 과반수의 발의와 국회재적의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성이 있어야 한다.
③탄핵소추의 의결을 받은 자는 탄핵심판이 있을 때까지 그 권한행사가 정지된다.
④탄핵결정은 공직으로부터 파면함에 그친다. 그러나, 이에 의하여 민사상이나 형사상의 책임이 면제되지는 아니한다.
제4장 정부
제1절 대통령
제66조 ① 대통령은 국가의 원수이며, 외국에 대하여 국가를 대표한다.
②대통령은 국가의 독립·영토의 보전·국가의 계속성과 헌법을 수호할 책무를 진다.
③대통령은 조국의 평화적 통일을 위한 성실한 의무를 진다.
④행정권은 대통령을 수반으로 하는 정부에 속한다.
제67조 ① 대통령은 국민의 보통·평등·직접·비밀선거에 의하여 선출한다.
②제1항의 선거에 있어서 최고득표자가 2인 이상인 때에는 국회의 재적의원 과반수가 출석한 공개회의에서 다수표를 얻은 자를 당선자로 한다.
③대통령후보자가 1인일 때에는 그 득표수가 선거권자 총수의 3분의 1 이상이 아니면 대통령으로 당선될 수 없다.
④대통령으로 선거될 수 있는 자는 국회의원의 피선거권이 있고 선거일 현재 40세에 달하여야 한다.
⑤대통령의 선거에 관한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제68조 ① 대통령의 임기가 만료되는 때에는 임기만료 70일 내지 40일전에 후임자를 선거한다.
②대통령이 궐위된 때 또는 대통령 당선자가 사망하거나 판결 기타의 사유로 그 자격을 상실한 때에는 60일 이내에 후임자를 선거한다.
제69조 대통령은 취임에 즈음하여 다음의 선서를 한다.
"나는 헌법을 준수하고 국가를 보위하며 조국의 평화적 통일과 국민의 자유와 복리의 증진 및 민족문화의 창달에 노력하여 대통령으로서의 직책을 성실히 수행할 것을 국민 앞에 엄숙히 선서합니다."
제70조 대통령의 임기는 5년으로 하며, 중임할 수 없다.
제71조 대통령이 궐위되거나 사고로 인하여 직무를 수행할 수 없을 때에는 국무총리, 법률이 정한 국무위원의 순서로 그 권한을 대행한다.
제72조 대통령은 필요하다고 인정할 때에는 외교·국방·통일 기타 국가안위에 관한 중요정책을 국민투표에 붙일 수 있다.
제73조 대통령은 조약을 체결·비준하고, 외교사절을 신임·접수 또는 파견하며, 선전포고와 강화를 한다.
제74조 ① 대통령은 헌법과 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국군을 통수한다.
②국군의 조직과 편성은 법률로 정한다.
제75조 대통령은 법률에서 구체적으로 범위를 정하여 위임받은 사항과 법률을 집행하기 위하여 필요한 사항에 관하여 대통령령을 발할 수 있다.
제76조 ① 대통령은 내우·외환·천재·지변 또는 중대한 재정·경제상의 위기에 있어서 국가의 안전보장 또는 공공의 안녕질서를 유지하기 위하여 긴급한 조치가 필요하고 국회의 집회를 기다릴 여유가 없을 때에 한하여 최소한으로 필요한 재정·경제상의 처분을 하거나 이에 관하여 법률의 효력을 가지는 명령을 발할 수 있다.
②대통령은 국가의 안위에 관계되는 중대한 교전상태에 있어서 국가를 보위하기 위하여 긴급한 조치가 필요하고 국회의 집회가 불가능한 때에 한하여 법률의 효력을 가지는 명령을 발할 수 있다.
③대통령은 제1항과 제2항의 처분 또는 명령을 한 때에는 지체없이 국회에 보고하여 그 승인을 얻어야 한다.
④제3항의 승인을 얻지 못한 때에는 그 처분 또는 명령은 그때부터 효력을 상실한다. 이 경우 그 명령에 의하여 개정 또는 폐지되었던 법률은 그 명령이 승인을 얻지 못한 때부터 당연히 효력을 회복한다.
⑤대통령은 제3항과 제4항의 사유를 지체없이 공포하여야 한다.
제77조 ① 대통령은 전시·사변 또는 이에 준하는 국가비상사태에 있어서 병력으로써 군사상의 필요에 응하거나 공공의 안녕질서를 유지할 필요가 있을 때에는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 계엄을 선포할 수 있다.
②계엄은 비상계엄과 경비계엄으로 한다.
③비상계엄이 선포된 때에는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 영장제도, 언론·출판·집회·결사의 자유, 정부나 법원의 권한에 관하여 특별한 조치를 할 수 있다.
④계엄을 선포한 때에는 대통령은 지체없이 국회에 통고하여야 한다.
⑤국회가 재적의원 과반수의 찬성으로 계엄의 해제를 요구한 때에는 대통령은 이를 해제하여야 한다.
제78조 대통령은 헌법과 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 공무원을 임면한다.
제79조 ① 대통령은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 사면·감형 또는 복권을 명할 수 있다.
②일반사면을 명하려면 국회의 동의를 얻어야 한다.
③사면·감형 및 복권에 관한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제80조 대통령은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 훈장 기타의 영전을 수여한다.
제81조 대통령은 국회에 출석하여 발언하거나 서한으로 의견을 표시할 수 있다.
제82조 대통령의 국법상 행위는 문서로써 하며, 이 문서에는 국무총리와 관계 국무위원이 부서한다. 군사에 관한 것도 또한 같다.
제83조 대통령은 국무총리·국무위원·행정각부의 장 기타 법률이 정하는 공사의 직을 겸할 수 없다.
제84조 대통령은 내란 또는 외환의 죄를 범한 경우를 제외하고는 재직중 형사상의 소추를 받지 아니한다.
제85조 전직대통령의 신분과 예우에 관하여는 법률로 정한다.
제2절 행정부
제1관 국무총리와 국무위원
제86조 ① 국무총리는 국회의 동의를 얻어 대통령이 임명한다.
②국무총리는 대통령을 보좌하며, 행정에 관하여 대통령의 명을 받아 행정각부를 통할한다.
③군인은 현역을 면한 후가 아니면 국무총리로 임명될 수 없다.
제87조 ① 국무위원은 국무총리의 제청으로 대통령이 임명한다.
②국무위원은 국정에 관하여 대통령을 보좌하며, 국무회의의 구성원으로서 국정을 심의한다.
③국무총리는 국무위원의 해임을 대통령에게 건의할 수 있다.
④군인은 현역을 면한 후가 아니면 국무위원으로 임명될 수 없다.
제2관 국무회의
제88조 ① 국무회의는 정부의 권한에 속하는 중요한 정책을 심의한다.
②국무회의는 대통령·국무총리와 15인 이상 30인 이하의 국무위원으로 구성한다.
③대통령은 국무회의의 의장이 되고, 국무총리는 부의장이 된다.
제89조 다음 사항은 국무회의의 심의를 거쳐야 한다.
1. 국정의 기본계획과 정부의 일반정책
2. 선전·강화 기타 중요한 대외정책
3. 헌법개정안·국민투표안·조약안·법률안 및 대통령령안
4. 예산안·결산·국유재산처분의 기본계획·국가의 부담이 될 계약 기타 재정에 관한 중요사항
5. 대통령의 긴급명령·긴급재정경제처분 및 명령 또는 계엄과 그 해제
6. 군사에 관한 중요사항
7. 국회의 임시회 집회의 요구
8. 영전수여
9. 사면·감형과 복권
10. 행정각부간의 권한의 획정
11. 정부안의 권한의 위임 또는 배정에 관한 기본계획
12. 국정처리상황의 평가·분석
13. 행정각부의 중요한 정책의 수립과 조정
14. 정당해산의 제소
15. 정부에 제출 또는 회부된 정부의 정책에 관계되는 청원의 심사
16. 검찰총장·합동참모의장·각군참모총장·국립대학교총장·대사 기타 법률이 정한 공무원과 국영기업체관리자의 임명
17. 기타 대통령·국무총리 또는 국무위원이 제출한 사항
제90조 ① 국정의 중요한 사항에 관한 대통령의 자문에 응하기 위하여 국가원로로 구성되는 국가원로자문회의를 둘 수 있다.
②국가원로자문회의의 의장은 직전대통령이 된다. 다만, 직전대통령이 없을 때에는 대통령이 지명한다.
③국가원로자문회의의 조직·직무범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제91조 ① 국가안전보장에 관련되는 대외정책·군사정책과 국내정책의 수립에 관하여 국무회의의 심의에 앞서 대통령의 자문에 응하기 위하여 국가안전보장회의를 둔다.
②국가안전보장회의는 대통령이 주재한다.
③국가안전보장회의의 조직·직무범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제92조 ① 평화통일정책의 수립에 관한 대통령의 자문에 응하기 위하여 민주평화통일자문회의를 둘 수 있다.
②민주평화통일자문회의의 조직·직무범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제93조 ① 국민경제의 발전을 위한 중요정책의 수립에 관하여 대통령의 자문에 응하기 위하여 국민경제자문회의를 둘 수 있다.
②국민경제자문회의의 조직·직무범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제3관 행정각부
제94조 행정각부의 장은 국무위원 중에서 국무총리의 제청으로 대통령이 임명한다.
제95조 국무총리 또는 행정각부의 장은 소관사무에 관하여 법률이나 대통령령의 위임 또는 직권으로 총리령 또는 부령을 발할 수 있다.
제96조 행정각부의 설치·조직과 직무범위는 법률로 정한다.
제4관 감사원
제97조 국가의 세입·세출의 결산, 국가 및 법률이 정한 단체의 회계검사와 행정기관 및 공무원의 직무에 관한 감찰을 하기 위하여 대통령 소속하에 감사원을 둔다.
제98조 ① 감사원은 원장을 포함한 5인 이상 11인 이하의 감사위원으로 구성한다.
②원장은 국회의 동의를 얻어 대통령이 임명하고, 그 임기는 4년으로 하며, 1차에 한하여 중임할 수 있다.
③감사위원은 원장의 제청으로 대통령이 임명하고, 그 임기는 4년으로 하며, 1차에 한하여 중임할 수 있다.
제99조 감사원은 세입·세출의 결산을 매년 검사하여 대통령과 차년도국회에 그 결과를 보고하여야 한다.
제100조 감사원의 조직·직무범위·감사위원의 자격·감사대상공무원의 범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제5장 법원
제101조 ① 사법권은 법관으로 구성된 법원에 속한다.
②법원은 최고법원인 대법원과 각급법원으로 조직된다.
③법관의 자격은 법률로 정한다.
제102조 ① 대법원에 부를 둘 수 있다.
②대법원에 대법관을 둔다. 다만, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 대법관이 아닌 법관을 둘 수 있다.
③대법원과 각급법원의 조직은 법률로 정한다.
제103조 법관은 헌법과 법률에 의하여 그 양심에 따라 독립하여 심판한다.
제104조 ① 대법원장은 국회의 동의를 얻어 대통령이 임명한다.
②대법관은 대법원장의 제청으로 국회의 동의를 얻어 대통령이 임명한다.
③대법원장과 대법관이 아닌 법관은 대법관회의의 동의를 얻어 대법원장이 임명한다.
제105조 ① 대법원장의 임기는 6년으로 하며, 중임할 수 없다.
②대법관의 임기는 6년으로 하며, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 연임할 수 있다.
③대법원장과 대법관이 아닌 법관의 임기는 10년으로 하며, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 연임할 수 있다.
④법관의 정년은 법률로 정한다.
제106조 ① 법관은 탄핵 또는 금고 이상의 형의 선고에 의하지 아니하고는 파면되지 아니하며, 징계처분에 의하지 아니하고는 정직·감봉 기타 불리한 처분을 받지 아니한다.
②법관이 중대한 심신상의 장해로 직무를 수행할 수 없을 때에는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 퇴직하게 할 수 있다.
제107조 ① 법률이 헌법에 위반되는 여부가 재판의 전제가 된 경우에는 법원은 헌법재판소에 제청하여 그 심판에 의하여 재판한다.
②명령·규칙 또는 처분이 헌법이나 법률에 위반되는 여부가 재판의 전제가 된 경우에는 대법원은 이를 최종적으로 심사할 권한을 가진다.
③재판의 전심절차로서 행정심판을 할 수 있다. 행정심판의 절차는 법률로 정하되, 사법절차가 준용되어야 한다.
제108조 대법원은 법률에 저촉되지 아니하는 범위안에서 소송에 관한 절차, 법원의 내부규율과 사무처리에 관한 규칙을 제정할 수 있다.
제109조 재판의 심리와 판결은 공개한다. 다만, 심리는 국가의 안전보장 또는 안녕질서를 방해하거나 선량한 풍속을 해할 염려가 있을 때에는 법원의 결정으로 공개하지 아니할 수 있다.
제110조 ① 군사재판을 관할하기 위하여 특별법원으로서 군사법원을 둘 수 있다.
②군사법원의 상고심은 대법원에서 관할한다.
③군사법원의 조직·권한 및 재판관의 자격은 법률로 정한다.
④비상계엄하의 군사재판은 군인·군무원의 범죄나 군사에 관한 간첩죄의 경우와 초병·초소·유독음식물공급·포로에 관한 죄중 법률이 정한 경우에 한하여 단심으로 할 수 있다. 다만, 사형을 선고한 경우에는 그러하지 아니하다.
제6장 헌법재판소
제111조 ① 헌법재판소는 다음 사항을 관장한다.
1. 법원의 제청에 의한 법률의 위헌여부 심판
2. 탄핵의 심판
3. 정당의 해산 심판
4. 국가기관 상호간, 국가기관과 지방자치단체간 및 지방자치단체 상호간의 권한쟁의에 관한 심판
5. 법률이 정하는 헌법소원에 관한 심판
②헌법재판소는 법관의 자격을 가진 9인의 재판관으로 구성하며, 재판관은 대통령이 임명한다.
③제2항의 재판관중 3인은 국회에서 선출하는 자를, 3인은 대법원장이 지명하는 자를 임명한다.
④헌법재판소의 장은 국회의 동의를 얻어 재판관중에서 대통령이 임명한다.
제112조 ① 헌법재판소 재판관의 임기는 6년으로 하며, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 연임할 수 있다.
②헌법재판소 재판관은 정당에 가입하거나 정치에 관여할 수 없다.
③헌법재판소 재판관은 탄핵 또는 금고 이상의 형의 선고에 의하지 아니하고는 파면되지 아니한다.
제113조 ① 헌법재판소에서 법률의 위헌결정, 탄핵의 결정, 정당해산의 결정 또는 헌법소원에 관한 인용결정을 할 때에는 재판관 6인 이상의 찬성이 있어야 한다.
②헌법재판소는 법률에 저촉되지 아니하는 범위안에서 심판에 관한 절차, 내부규율과 사무처리에 관한 규칙을 제정할 수 있다.
③헌법재판소의 조직과 운영 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제7장 선거관리
제114조 ① 선거와 국민투표의 공정한 관리 및 정당에 관한 사무를 처리하기 위하여 선거관리위원회를 둔다.
②중앙선거관리위원회는 대통령이 임명하는 3인, 국회에서 선출하는 3인과 대법원장이 지명하는 3인의 위원으로 구성한다. 위원장은 위원중에서 호선한다.
③위원의 임기는 6년으로 한다.
④위원은 정당에 가입하거나 정치에 관여할 수 없다.
⑤위원은 탄핵 또는 금고 이상의 형의 선고에 의하지 아니하고는 파면되지 아니한다.
⑥중앙선거관리위원회는 법령의 범위안에서 선거관리·국민투표관리 또는 정당사무에 관한 규칙을 제정할 수 있으며, 법률에 저촉되지 아니하는 범위안에서 내부규율에 관한 규칙을 제정할 수 있다.
⑦각급 선거관리위원회의 조직·직무범위 기타 필요한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제115조 ① 각급 선거관리위원회는 선거인명부의 작성등 선거사무와 국민투표사무에 관하여 관계 행정기관에 필요한 지시를 할 수 있다.
②제1항의 지시를 받은 당해 행정기관은 이에 응하여야 한다.
제116조 ① 선거운동은 각급 선거관리위원회의 관리하에 법률이 정하는 범위안에서 하되, 균등한 기회가 보장되어야 한다.
②선거에 관한 경비는 법률이 정하는 경우를 제외하고는 정당 또는 후보자에게 부담시킬 수 없다.
제8장 지방자치
제117조 ① 지방자치단체는 주민의 복리에 관한 사무를 처리하고 재산을 관리하며, 법령의 범위안에서 자치에 관한 규정을 제정할 수 있다.
②지방자치단체의 종류는 법률로 정한다.
제118조 ① 지방자치단체에 의회를 둔다.
②지방의회의 조직·권한·의원선거와 지방자치단체의 장의 선임방법 기타 지방자치단체의 조직과 운영에 관한 사항은 법률로 정한다.
제9장 경제
제119조 ① 대한민국의 경제질서는 개인과 기업의 경제상의 자유와 창의를 존중함을 기본으로 한다.
②국가는 균형있는 국민경제의 성장 및 안정과 적정한 소득의 분배를 유지하고, 시장의 지배와 경제력의 남용을 방지하며, 경제주체간의 조화를 통한 경제의 민주화를 위하여 경제에 관한 규제와 조정을 할 수 있다.
제120조 ① 광물 기타 중요한 지하자원·수산자원·수력과 경제상 이용할 수 있는 자연력은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 일정한 기간 그 채취·개발 또는 이용을 특허할 수 있다.
②국토와 자원은 국가의 보호를 받으며, 국가는 그 균형있는 개발과 이용을 위하여 필요한 계획을 수립한다.
제121조 ① 국가는 농지에 관하여 경자유전의 원칙이 달성될 수 있도록 노력하여야 하며, 농지의 소작제도는 금지된다.
②농업생산성의 제고와 농지의 합리적인 이용을 위하거나 불가피한 사정으로 발생하는 농지의 임대차와 위탁경영은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 인정된다.
제122조 국가는 국민 모두의 생산 및 생활의 기반이 되는 국토의 효율적이고 균형있는 이용·개발과 보전을 위하여 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 그에 관한 필요한 제한과 의무를 과할 수 있다.
제123조 ① 국가는 농업 및 어업을 보호·육성하기 위하여 농·어촌종합개발과 그 지원등 필요한 계획을 수립·시행하여야 한다.
②국가는 지역간의 균형있는 발전을 위하여 지역경제를 육성할 의무를 진다.
③국가는 중소기업을 보호·육성하여야 한다.
④국가는 농수산물의 수급균형과 유통구조의 개선에 노력하여 가격안정을 도모함으로써 농·어민의 이익을 보호한다.
⑤국가는 농·어민과 중소기업의 자조조직을 육성하여야 하며, 그 자율적 활동과 발전을 보장한다.
제124조 국가는 건전한 소비행위를 계도하고 생산품의 품질향상을 촉구하기 위한 소비자보호운동을 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 보장한다.
제125조 국가는 대외무역을 육성하며, 이를 규제·조정할 수 있다.
제126조 국방상 또는 국민경제상 긴절한 필요로 인하여 법률이 정하는 경우를 제외하고는, 사영기업을 국유 또는 공유로 이전하거나 그 경영을 통제 또는 관리할 수 없다.
제127조 ① 국가는 과학기술의 혁신과 정보 및 인력의 개발을 통하여 국민경제의 발전에 노력하여야 한다.
②국가는 국가표준제도를 확립한다.
③대통령은 제1항의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 필요한 자문기구를 둘 수 있다.
제10장 헌법개정
제128조 ① 헌법개정은 국회재적의원 과반수 또는 대통령의 발의로 제안된다.
②대통령의 임기연장 또는 중임변경을 위한 헌법개정은 그 헌법개정 제안 당시의 대통령에 대하여는 효력이 없다.
제129조 제안된 헌법개정안은 대통령이 20일 이상의 기간 이를 공고하여야 한다.
제130조 ① 국회는 헌법개정안이 공고된 날로부터 60일 이내에 의결하여야 하며, 국회의 의결은 재적의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성을 얻어야 한다.
②헌법개정안은 국회가 의결한 후 30일 이내에 국민투표에 붙여 국회의원선거권자 과반수의 투표와 투표자 과반수의 찬성을 얻어야 한다.
③헌법개정안이 제2항의 찬성을 얻은 때에는 헌법개정은 확정되며, 대통령은 즉시 이를 공포하여야 한다.
펼침 부칙 <헌법 제10호, 1987.10.29.> 부칙보기
제1조 이 헌법은 1988년 2월 25일부터 시행한다. 다만, 이 헌법을 시행하기 위하여 필요한 법률의 제정·개정과 이 헌법에 의한 대통령 및 국회의원의 선거 기타 이 헌법시행에 관한 준비는 이 헌법시행 전에 할 수 있다.
제2조 ①이 헌법에 의한 최초의 대통령선거는 이 헌법시행일 40일 전까지 실시한다.
②이 헌법에 의한 최초의 대통령의 임기는 이 헌법시행일로부터 개시한다.
제3조 ①이 헌법에 의한 최초의 국회의원선거는 이 헌법공포일로부터 6월 이내에 실시하며, 이 헌법에 의하여 선출된 최초의 국회의원의 임기는 국회의원선거후 이 헌법에 의한 국회의 최초의 집회일로부터 개시한다.
②이 헌법공포 당시의 국회의원의 임기는 제1항에 의한 국회의 최초의 집회일 전일까지로 한다.
제4조 ①이 헌법시행 당시의 공무원과 정부가 임명한 기업체의 임원은 이 헌법에 의하여 임명된 것으로 본다. 다만, 이 헌법에 의하여 선임방법이나 임명권자가 변경된 공무원과 대법원장 및 감사원장은 이 헌법에 의하여 후임자가 선임될 때까지 그 직무를 행하며, 이 경우 전임자인 공무원의 임기는 후임자가 선임되는 전일까지로 한다.
②이 헌법시행 당시의 대법원장과 대법원판사가 아닌 법관은 제1항 단서의 규정에 불구하고 이 헌법에 의하여 임명된 것으로 본다.
③이 헌법중 공무원의 임기 또는 중임제한에 관한 규정은 이 헌법에 의하여 그 공무원이 최초로 선출 또는 임명된 때로부터 적용한다.
제5조 이 헌법시행 당시의 법령과 조약은 이 헌법에 위배되지 아니하는 한 그 효력을 지속한다.
제6조 이 헌법시행 당시에 이 헌법에 의하여 새로 설치될 기관의 권한에 속하는 직무를 행하고 있는 기관은 이 헌법에 의하여 새로운 기관이 설치될 때까지 존속하며 그 직무를 행한다
#한글 데이터 형태소 분석을 실행한다.
kokens_ko = t.nouns(ko_con_text)
kokens_ko
['대한민국',
'헌법',
'유구',
'역사',
'전통',
'우리',
'국민',
'운동',
'건립',
'대한민국',
'임시정부',
'법',
'통과',
'불의',
'항거',
'민주',
'이념',
'계승',
'조국',
'민주',
'개혁',
'평화',
'통일',
'사명',
'입',
'각하',
'정의',
'인도',
'동포',
'애',
'로써',
'민족',
'단결',
'공고',
'모든',
'사회',
'폐습',
'불의',
'타파',
'자율',
'조화',
'바탕',
'자유민주',
'질서',
'더욱',
'정치',
'경제',
'사회',
'문화',
'모든',
'영역',
'각인',
'기회',
'능력',
'최고',
'도로',
'발휘',
'자유',
'권리',
'책임',
'의무',
'완수',
'안',
'국민',
'생활',
'향상',
'기하',
'밖',
'항구',
'세계',
'평화',
'인류',
'공영',
'이바지',
'함',
'우리',
'우리',
'자손',
'안전',
'자유',
'행복',
'확보',
'것',
'다짐',
'제정',
'차',
'개정',
'헌법',
'이제',
'국회',
'의결',
'국민투표',
'개정',
'제',
'장',
'강',
'제',
'대한민국',
'민주공화국',
'대한민국',
'주권',
'국민',
'모든',
'권력',
'국민',
'제',
'대한민국',
'국민',
'요건',
'법률',
'정',
'국가',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'재외국민',
'보호',
'의무',
'제',
'대한민국',
'영토',
'한반도',
'그',
'부속',
'도서',
'제',
'대한민국',
'통일',
'지향',
'자유민주',
'질서',
'입각',
'평화',
'통일',
'정책',
'수립',
'추진',
'제',
'대한민국',
'국제',
'평화',
'유지',
'노력',
'침략',
'전쟁',
'부인',
'국군',
'국가',
'안전보장',
'국토',
'방위',
'의무',
'수행',
'함',
'사명',
'그',
'정치',
'중립성',
'준수',
'제',
'헌법',
'체결',
'공포',
'조약',
'일반',
'승인',
'국제',
'법규',
'국내법',
'효력',
'외국인',
'국제',
'법',
'조약',
'정',
'바',
'그',
'지위',
'보장',
'제',
'공무원',
'국민',
'전체',
'대한',
'봉사자',
'국민',
'대하',
'책임',
'공무원',
'신분',
'정치',
'중립성',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'보장',
'제',
'정당',
'설립',
'자유',
'복수정당제',
'보장',
'정당',
'그',
'목적',
'조직',
'활동',
'민주',
'국민',
'정치',
'의사',
'형성',
'참여',
'조직',
'정당',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'보호',
'국가',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'정당',
'운영',
'자금',
'보조',
'수',
'정당',
'목적',
'활동',
'민주',
'질서',
'위배',
'때',
'정부',
'헌법재판소',
'그',
'해산',
'제소',
'수',
'정당',
'헌법재판소',
'심판',
'해산',
'제',
'국가',
'전통문화',
'계승',
'발전',
'민족',
'문화',
'창달',
'노력',
'제',
'장',
'국민',
'권리',
'의무',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'인간',
'존엄',
'가치',
'가지',
'행복',
'추구',
'권리',
'국가',
'개인',
'불가침',
'기본',
'인권',
'확인',
'보장',
'의무',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'법',
'앞',
'누구',
'성별',
'종교',
'사회',
'신분',
'정치',
'경제',
'사회',
'문화',
'생활',
'모든',
'영역',
'차별',
'사회',
'특수',
'계급',
'제도',
'인정',
'형태',
'도',
'창설',
'수',
'훈장',
'등',
'영전',
'자',
'효력',
'특권',
'이',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'신체',
'자유',
'누구',
'법률',
'체포',
'구속',
'압수',
'수색',
'심문',
'법률',
'절차',
'처벌',
'보안처분',
'강제',
'노역',
'모든',
'국민',
'고문',
'형사',
'자기',
'진술',
'강요',
'체포',
'구속',
'압수',
'수색',
'때',
'절차',
'검사',
'신청',
'법관',
'발부',
'영장',
'제시',
'다만',
'현행범인',
'경우',
'장기',
'이상',
'형',
'해당',
'죄',
'범',
'도피',
'증거',
'멸',
'염려',
'때',
'사후',
'영장',
'청구',
'수',
'누구',
'체포',
'구속',
'당한',
'때',
'즉시',
'변호인',
'조력',
'권리',
'다만',
'형사',
'피고인',
'스스로',
'변호인',
'구',
'수',
'때',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'변호인',
'누구',
'체포',
'구속',
'이유',
'변호인',
'조력',
'권리',
'음',
'고지',
'체포',
'구속',
'체포',
'구속',
'당한',
'자의',
'가족',
'등',
'법률',
'정',
'자',
'그',
'이유',
'일시',
'장소',
'지체',
'통지',
'누구',
'체포',
'구속',
'당한',
'때',
'적',
'부의',
'심사',
'법원',
'청구',
'권리',
'피고인',
'자백',
'고문',
'폭행',
'협박',
'구속',
'장기',
'망',
'기타',
'방법',
'자의',
'진술',
'것',
'인정',
'때',
'정식',
'재판',
'피고인',
'자백',
'그',
'증거',
'일',
'때',
'유죄',
'증거',
'이유',
'처벌',
'수',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'행위',
'시',
'법률',
'범죄',
'구성',
'행위',
'추',
'범죄',
'대하',
'거듭',
'처벌',
'모든',
'국민',
'소급입법',
'참정권',
'제한',
'재산권',
'박탈',
'모든',
'국민',
'자기',
'행위',
'친족',
'행위',
'불이익',
'처우',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'거주',
'이전',
'자유',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'직업',
'선택',
'자유',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'주거',
'자유',
'침해',
'주거',
'대한',
'압수',
'수색',
'때',
'검사',
'신청',
'법관',
'발부',
'영장',
'제시',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'사생활',
'비밀',
'자유',
'침해',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'통신',
'비밀',
'침해',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'양심',
'자유',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'종교',
'자유',
'국교',
'인정',
'종교',
'정치',
'분리',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'언론',
'출판',
'자유',
'집회',
'결사',
'자유',
'언론',
'출판',
'대한',
'허가',
'검열',
'집회',
'결사',
'대한',
'허가',
'인정',
'통신',
'방송',
'시설',
'기준',
'신문',
'기능',
'보장',
'위',
'사항',
'법률',
'정',
'언론',
'출판',
'타인',
'명예',
'권리',
'공중도덕',
'사회',
'윤리',
'침해',
'언론',
'출판',
'타인',
'명예',
'권리',
'침해',
'때',
'피해자',
'이',
'대한',
'피해',
'배상',
'청구',
'수',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'학문',
'예술',
'자유',
'저작자',
'발명가',
'과학기술',
'예술가',
'권리',
'법률',
'로써',
'보호',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'재산권',
'보장',
'그',
'내용',
'한계',
'법률',
'정',
'재산권',
'행사',
'복리',
'공공필요',
'재산권',
'수용',
'사용',
'제한',
'및',
'그',
'대한',
'보상',
'법률',
'로써',
'보상',
'지급',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'선거권',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'공무',
'담임',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'기관',
'문서',
'청원',
'권리',
'국가',
'청원',
'대하',
'심사',
'의무',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'헌법',
'법률',
'정',
'법관',
'법률',
'재판',
'권리',
'군인',
'군무원',
'국민',
'대한민국',
'영역',
'안',
'군사',
'기밀',
'초병',
'초소',
'유독',
'음식물',
'공급',
'포로',
'군용',
'물',
'관',
'죄',
'법률',
'정',
'경우',
'비상계엄',
'선포',
'경우',
'제외',
'군사법원',
'재판',
'모든',
'국민',
'재판',
'권리',
'형사',
'피고인',
'이유',
'지체',
'공개',
'재판',
'권리',
'형사',
'피고인',
'유죄',
'판결',
'확정',
'때',
'무죄',
'추정',
'형사',
'피해자',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'사건',
'재판',
'절차',
'진술',
'수',
'제',
'형사',
'피의자',
'형사',
'피고인',
'구금',
'자가',
'법률',
'정',
'불기소처분',
'무죄판결',
'때',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'보상',
'청구',
'수',
'제',
'공무원',
'직무',
'불법행위',
'손해',
'국민',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'단체',
'배상',
'청구',
'수',
'이',
'경우',
'공무원',
'자신',
'책임',
'면제',
'군인',
'군무원',
'경찰',
'공무원',
'기타',
'법률',
'정',
'자가',
'전투',
'훈련',
'등',
'직무',
'집행',
'관련',
'손해',
'대하',
'여',
'법률',
'정',
'보상',
'외',
'국가',
'단체',
'공무원',
'직무',
'불법행위',
'배상',
'청구',
'수',
'제',
'타인',
'범죄',
'행위',
'생명',
'신체',
'대한',
'피해',
'국민',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'국가',
'로부터',
'구조',
'수',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'능력',
'교육',
'권리',
'모든',
'국민',
'그',
'보호',
'자녀',
'초등교육',
'법률',
'정',
'교육',
'의무',
'의무교육',
'무상',
'교육',
'자주성',
'전문성',
'정치',
'중립성',
'및',
'대학',
'자율성',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'보장',
'국가',
'평생교육',
'진흥',
'학교',
'교육',
'및',
'평생교육',
'포함',
'교육제도',
'그',
'운영',
'교육재정',
'및',
'교원',
'지위',
'관',
'기본',
'사항',
'법률',
'정',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'근로',
'권리',
'국가',
'사회',
'경제',
'방법',
'근로자',
'고용',
'증진',
'적정',
'임금',
'보장',
'노력',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'최저임금제',
'시행',
'모든',
'국민',
'근로',
'의무',
'국가',
'근로',
'의무',
'내용',
'조건',
'민주주의',
'원칙',
'법률',
'정',
'근로',
'조건',
'기준',
'인간',
'존엄성',
'보장',
'법률',
'정',
'여자',
'근로',
'보호',
'고용',
'임금',
'및',
'근로',
'조건',
'차별',
'연소자',
'근로',
'보호',
'국가',
'유공',
'상이',
'군경',
'및',
'전몰',
'경의',
'유가족',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'우선',
'근로',
'기회',
'부여',
'제',
'근로자',
'근로',
'조건',
'향상',
'위',
'자주',
'단결권',
'단체교섭권',
'및',
'단체행동권',
'공무원',
'근로자',
'법률',
'정',
'자',
'단결권',
'단체교섭권',
'및',
'단체행동권',
'법률',
'정',
'방위산업',
'체',
'종사',
'근로자',
'단체행동권',
'법률',
'정',
'바',
'제한',
'거나',
'인정',
'수',
'제',
'모든',
'국민',
'인간',
'다운',
'생활',
'권리',
'국가',
'사회보장',
'사회',
'복지',
'증진',
'노력',
'의무',
'국가',
'여자',
'복지',
'권익',
'향상',
'위',
'노력',
'국가',
'노인',
'청소년',
'복지',
'향상',
'위',
'정책',
'실시',
'의무',
'신체',
'장애자',
'및',
...]
#불용어를 정의한다.
stop_words=['제','년', '월', '일', '조', '수', '때', '그', '이', '바', '및', '정', '관', '위', '장']
#형태소 분석 결과에서 불용어를 제거한다.
#형태소 분석결과(koken_ko)의 각 단어가
kokens_ko=[each_word for each_word in kokens_ko if each_word not in stop_words]
#형태소 분석 결과 단어별 출현 횟수를 계산한다.
ko = nltk.Text(kokens_ko)
ko.vocab().most_common(50)
[('법률', 127),
('대통령', 83),
('국가', 73),
('국회', 68),
('국민', 61),
('헌법', 53),
('모든', 37),
('기타', 26),
('사항', 23),
('권리', 21),
('안', 21),
('의원', 21),
('자유', 20),
('정부', 20),
('선거', 20),
('임명', 20),
('직무', 19),
('국무총리', 19),
('경제', 18),
('의무', 18),
('조직', 18),
('국회의원', 18),
('임기', 18),
('의결', 17),
('공무원', 17),
('경우', 17),
('이상', 17),
('국무위원', 17),
('대법원', 17),
('범위', 16),
('법관', 15),
('보호', 14),
('정책', 14),
('정당', 14),
('헌법재판소', 14),
('재적', 14),
('회의', 14),
('항의', 14),
('관리', 14),
('노력', 13),
('보장', 13),
('거나', 13),
('요구', 13),
('법원', 12),
('집회', 12),
('과반수', 12),
('출석', 12),
('찬성', 12),
('대한민국', 11),
('조약', 11)]
#단어별 출현 횟수가 많은 순서대로 워드클라우드로 표현할 단어를 추출해서
#딕셔너리 형태로 만든다.
data = ko.vocab().most_common(500)
tmp_data = dict(data)
tmp_data
{'법률': 127,
'대통령': 83,
'국가': 73,
'국회': 68,
'국민': 61,
'헌법': 53,
'모든': 37,
'기타': 26,
'사항': 23,
'권리': 21,
'안': 21,
'의원': 21,
'자유': 20,
'정부': 20,
'선거': 20,
'임명': 20,
'직무': 19,
'국무총리': 19,
'경제': 18,
'의무': 18,
'조직': 18,
'국회의원': 18,
'임기': 18,
'의결': 17,
'공무원': 17,
'경우': 17,
'이상': 17,
'국무위원': 17,
'대법원': 17,
'범위': 16,
'법관': 15,
'보호': 14,
'정책': 14,
'정당': 14,
'헌법재판소': 14,
'재적': 14,
'회의': 14,
'항의': 14,
'관리': 14,
'노력': 13,
'보장': 13,
'거나': 13,
'요구': 13,
'법원': 12,
'집회': 12,
'과반수': 12,
'출석': 12,
'찬성': 12,
'대한민국': 11,
'조약': 11,
'다만': 11,
'재판': 11,
'인': 11,
'동의': 11,
'탄핵': 11,
'권한': 11,
'안전보장': 10,
'공포': 10,
'대한': 10,
'심판': 10,
'시행': 10,
'재판관': 10,
'위원': 10,
'정치': 9,
'효력': 9,
'대하': 9,
'체포': 9,
'절차': 9,
'형사': 9,
'근로': 9,
'처분': 9,
'위원회': 9,
'행정각부': 9,
'명령': 9,
'사회': 8,
'질서': 8,
'생활': 8,
'제정': 8,
'인정': 8,
'구속': 8,
'구성': 8,
'확정': 8,
'상의': 8,
'제출': 8,
'항': 8,
'국정': 8,
'자문': 8,
'사무': 8,
'것': 7,
'국민투표': 7,
'수립': 7,
'유지': 7,
'이유': 7,
'행위': 7,
'제한': 7,
'기관': 7,
'공개': 7,
'선출': 7,
'국무회의': 7,
'둘': 7,
'대법관': 7,
'지방자치단체': 7,
'최초': 7,
'민주': 6,
'평화': 6,
'통일': 6,
'개정': 6,
'승인': 6,
'누구': 6,
'등': 6,
'청구': 6,
'피고인': 6,
'지체': 6,
'추': 6,
'침해': 6,
'군사': 6,
'개발': 6,
'회': 6,
'규정': 6,
'이내': 6,
'후': 6,
'회계': 6,
'감사': 6,
'처리': 6,
'규칙': 6,
'자격': 6,
'결정': 6,
'중임': 6,
'응': 6,
'제청': 6,
'당시': 6,
'로써': 5,
'책임': 5,
'향상': 5,
'함': 5,
'운영': 5,
'해산': 5,
'발전': 5,
'기본': 5,
'진술': 5,
'심사': 5,
'언론': 5,
'출판': 5,
'내용': 5,
'군인': 5,
'제외': 5,
'속': 5,
'행': 5,
'기간': 5,
'의장': 5,
'재의': 5,
'예산안': 5,
'심의': 5,
'연도': 5,
'개시': 5,
'예산': 5,
'설치': 5,
'필요': 5,
'재정': 5,
'계엄': 5,
'계획': 5,
'개정안': 5,
'감사원': 5,
'급': 5,
'균형': 5,
'이용': 5,
'육성': 5,
'문화': 4,
'영역': 4,
'차': 4,
'국제': 4,
'국군': 4,
'수행': 4,
'체결': 4,
'목적': 4,
'제도': 4,
'자': 4,
'검사': 4,
'영장': 4,
'형': 4,
'죄': 4,
'변호인': 4,
'방법': 4,
'범죄': 4,
'재산권': 4,
'타인': 4,
'복리': 4,
'보상': 4,
'비상계엄': 4,
'선포': 4,
'군사법원': 4,
'단체': 4,
'집행': 4,
'로부터': 4,
'교육': 4,
'근로자': 4,
'조건': 4,
'중': 4,
'임시회': 4,
'못': 4,
'로서': 4,
'다음': 4,
'지출': 4,
'계속': 4,
'부담': 4,
'발의': 4,
'저촉': 4,
'내부': 4,
'규율': 4,
'파면': 4,
'후임': 4,
'중요': 4,
'발': 4,
'관계': 4,
'사면': 4,
'선고': 4,
'선임': 4,
'농지': 4,
'우리': 3,
'법': 3,
'조국': 3,
'민족': 3,
'공고': 3,
'기회': 3,
'능력': 3,
'국토': 3,
'중립성': 3,
'지위': 3,
'신분': 3,
'활동': 3,
'제소': 3,
'인간': 3,
'개인': 3,
'종교': 3,
'영전': 3,
'신체': 3,
'압수': 3,
'수색': 3,
'처벌': 3,
'현행범인': 3,
'증거': 3,
'당한': 3,
'부의': 3,
'주거': 3,
'양심': 3,
'결사': 3,
'배상': 3,
'행사': 3,
'선거권': 3,
'문서': 3,
'청원': 3,
'군무원': 3,
'판결': 3,
'구금': 3,
'자가': 3,
'여': 3,
'외': 3,
'증진': 3,
'단체행동권': 3,
'복지': 3,
'실시': 3,
'사유': 3,
'통': 3,
'평등': 3,
'국방': 3,
'이익': 3,
'기업체': 3,
'계약': 3,
'만료': 3,
'편성': 3,
'변경': 3,
'상호': 3,
'외국': 3,
'의견': 3,
'정부위원': 3,
'해임': 3,
'건의': 3,
'중앙': 3,
'절': 3,
'세': 3,
'위임': 3,
'대통령령': 3,
'안녕': 3,
'조치': 3,
'해제': 3,
'감형': 3,
'복권': 3,
'명': 3,
'대외': 3,
'결산': 3,
'조정': 3,
'지명': 3,
'평화통일': 3,
'행정기관': 3,
'원장': 3,
'임': 3,
'금고': 3,
'여부': 3,
'법령': 3,
'농': 3,
'정은': 3,
'제안': 3,
'운동': 2,
'불의': 2,
'계승': 2,
'사명': 2,
'자율': 2,
'조화': 2,
'자유민주': 2,
'최고': 2,
'행복': 2,
'주권': 2,
'영토': 2,
'준수': 2,
'일반': 2,
'의사': 2,
'위배': 2,
'창달': 2,
'존엄': 2,
'가지': 2,
'앞': 2,
'차별': 2,
'도': 2,
'훈장': 2,
'고문': 2,
'자기': 2,
'신청': 2,
'발부': 2,
'제시': 2,
'장기': 2,
'염려': 2,
'즉시': 2,
'조력': 2,
'자의': 2,
'가족': 2,
'자백': 2,
'유죄': 2,
'불이익': 2,
'처우': 2,
'비밀': 2,
'통신': 2,
'허가': 2,
'시설': 2,
'기준': 2,
'명예': 2,
'피해자': 2,
'피해': 2,
'과학기술': 2,
'초병': 2,
'초소': 2,
'유독': 2,
'음식물': 2,
'공급': 2,
'포로': 2,
'불법행위': 2,
'손해': 2,
'면제': 2,
'관련': 2,
'구조': 2,
'평생교육': 2,
'포함': 2,
'고용': 2,
'임금': 2,
'원칙': 2,
'여자': 2,
'단결권': 2,
'단체교섭권': 2,
'이행': 2,
'보통': 2,
'직접': 2,
'비밀선거': 2,
'직': 2,
'겸': 2,
'발언': 2,
'남용': 2,
'재산': 2,
'취득': 2,
'정기회': 2,
'매년': 2,
'인과': 2,
'이송': 2,
'이의': 2,
'내': 2,
'또한': 2,
'날로': 2,
'발생': 2,
'경비': 2,
'년도': 2,
'준': 2,
'비비': 2,
'비준': 2,
'선전포고': 2,
'파견': 2,
'조사': 2,
'상황': 2,
'답변': 2,
'감사원장': 2,
'독립': 2,
'보전': 2,
'득표': 2,
'당선자': 2,
'후보자': 2,
'궐위': 2,
'선서': 2,
'보위': 2,
'안위': 2,
'강화': 2,
'외환': 2,
'공공': 2,
'보고': 2,
'얻지': 2,
'수여': 2,
'보좌': 2,
'현역': 2,
'면': 2,
'이하': 2,
'긴급': 2,
'직전': 2,
'세입': 2,
'위반': 2,
'전제': 2,
'행정심판': 2,
'심리': 2,
'군사재판': 2,
'관할': 2,
'헌법소원': 2,
'인의': 2,
'가입': 2,
'관여': 2,
'지시': 2,
'기업': 2,
'안정': 2,
'규제': 2,
'자원': 2,
'달성': 2,
'농업': 2,
'생산': 2,
'경영': 2,
'지역': 2,
'중소기업': 2,
'어민': 2,
'투표': 2,
'부칙': 2,
'전': 2,
'시행일': 2,
'국회의원선거': 2,
'전일': 2,
'유구': 1,
'역사': 1,
'전통': 1,
'건립': 1,
'임시정부': 1,
'통과': 1,
'항거': 1,
'이념': 1,
'개혁': 1,
'입': 1,
'각하': 1,
'정의': 1,
'인도': 1,
'동포': 1,
'애': 1,
'단결': 1,
'폐습': 1,
'타파': 1,
'바탕': 1,
'더욱': 1,
'각인': 1,
'도로': 1,
'발휘': 1,
'완수': 1,
'기하': 1,
'밖': 1,
'항구': 1,
'세계': 1,
'인류': 1,
'공영': 1,
'이바지': 1,
'자손': 1,
'안전': 1,
'확보': 1,
'다짐': 1,
'이제': 1,
'강': 1,
'민주공화국': 1,
'권력': 1,
'요건': 1,
'재외국민': 1,
'한반도': 1,
'부속': 1,
'도서': 1,
'지향': 1,
'입각': 1,
'추진': 1,
'침략': 1,
'전쟁': 1,
'부인': 1,
'방위': 1,
'법규': 1,
'국내법': 1}
mask=np.array(Image.open('./data/korea_mask.jpg'))
#딕셔너리에 저장된 데이터는 generate_
wordcloud = WordCloud(
font_path='C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Fonts\\NanumGothicCoding-Bold.ttf',
background_color='white',
relative_scaling=0.5,
mask=mask
).generate_from_frequencies(tmp_data)
plt.figure(figsize=[15,10])
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
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